How much training does each side give for conscripts/compulsory military service? I'm sure that I read or saw something about the UK training for Ukrainians which was 5-6 weeks.
I think the far right paramilitary groups like Azov, Kraken, Carpathian Sich, Georgian Legion, Misanthropic Division etc do their own training , as would the International Legion and Wagner
Russia had designed its army to require less training than a western one. This was an inheritance of a doctrinal outlook (the over arching theory they used to build their forces) that went back to the 1930s. They relied on mass of armour and fighting vehicles to overwhelm the enemy but cut corners on the training of mounted infantry. (Paraphrasing a lot here), so the theory they were supposed to use in February was they had a core of "contract soldiers", people on 2 year or longer permanent contracts like our professional army. These would be the officers and the skilled technicians. They formed the peace time core of what is called a "Battalion Tactical Group", during a war there is a huge call up of reservists who come in and fill out the seats in the BMPs etc as infantry. In theory they had done their national service and just required some retraining.
What happened was Putin did not want to disturb the civies so did not call up reservists, but legally could not send out the conscripts as they were only allowed to operate in Russia (some got sent but there is good reason to believe they got to go home). So the BTGs were horribly infantry light and all those videos of tanks blowing up because there was no infantry to supress the Javelin crews.
Instead of a couple of weeks of mopping up a disastrously lead, poorly motivate army, well Ukraine happened. So by April they were pulling everything with a pulse to fill out the infantry roles. This included the trainers, who were pushed into the bloody battles of the summer offensive and the autumn counter offensives.
It was obviously turning into an utter shit show so Gerasimov or someone dug out the one commander who showed competence, Surovikin who gave Putin the details of how much of a shitshow it was around late September. At this point the mobilisation is dreamed up.
So this has not answered your question but it explains the phases of training Russia now seems to be aiming for.
Phase 1 was just warm bodies of any shape to fill trenches and BMPs. These are the mobiks we all see. 2 days ago Putin said he has called up 300 000 with 50% in current training, 25% in front line duties and 25% in rear duties (my guess is the endless labour jobs you need at war, moving ammo, cooking food, driving trucks, digging entrenchments and all that.
So Russia can fight with poorly trained soldiers, which it now has.
But even they expected people who had had decent training. But the trainers are dead or driving BMPs etc. So the theory is that the large group of soldiers sent to Belarus is being trained by the Belarussian army to be the next batch of trainers so the Russians can start expanding their capacity to absorb and properly train soldiers. Surovikin has convinced Putin this is going to be a long war.
So the September mobiks are in 2 groups, half at the front half in Russia "training" and they will be rotated in and out constantly moving between the front lines and increasingly effective training camps. And as more and more trainers are pushed out of Belarus they can expand the rate they draw in fresh mobiks and enhance the quality of the training they get.
2 weeks is enough to get someone to stand in a wet trench, cry for mum but shoot their gun when needed.
In the coming months Russia will steadily expand their ability to train more and better soldiers hopefully reconstituting back to being the kind of army that can give 6 months of reasonable training to get a reasonable infantry soldier able to deal with modern war, without having too many killed.
(This is heavily based on research from Michael Kofman)
