camouflage
gaslit at scale.
The market is so small that it's fairly easy for large scale speculators to manipulate it. Pump and dump is when they drive up the price with lots of small buys, then dump a big market sell order which drives the price down, causes panic and they then rebuy more btc for the same money.
Despite all the "free market" talk, other stock markets and currency exchanges have all kinds of rules, failsafes, market makers in place to control this.
bitcoin at this point is complex enough that we can't assume speculators are all playing the same game, and neither can the speculators, or the crowd, or the insider-knowers. The outcome of all this muddle is what we're calling the bitcoin price. There's still a strong element of staring at the shiny new contraption trying to figure out where to attach the harness. As someone said during the last surge and crash an surge... "bitcoin does what it wants".