I’ve campaigned for change in our relationship with Europe for more than 20 years, so I was delighted with the result on June 23. But I know the demand in our society for change goes beyond our relationship with Europe.
People who voted to leave don’t just want a sovereign nation, able to control its own borders and manage its own trade with the rest of the world. They want justice within our country too. Social and economic justice.
Social justice has been a defining mission of the Conservative Party since 2010. Under David Cameron’s leadership, Iain Duncan Smith and I set out to improve life chances for young people and adults through the education and welfare systems. Under Stephen Crabb and Nicky Morgan those reforms have accelerated. We as a government should be proud of the progress that has been made. But we have much further to go.
At this moment of change — this hinge in history — we have the opportunity not just to remake our political structures but also to forge a new social settlement.
We can show that our country has risen to the challenges of globalisation better than any in the world by ensuring that every citizen is valued, every soul is precious and every talent deployed to make our country stronger.
In order to ensure the abilities of every citizen are harnessed to the goal of greater fairness for all, the new prime minister must focus relentlessly on the deep problems which scar our society: the stubborn reoffending rates among former prisoners; the tragedy of low school attainment among large sections of the population, especially poor white boys in coastal towns and cities; the scourge of domestic violence; the emerging epidemic of mental ill health; and most of all — modern Britain’s greatest shame — the collapse of social mobility.
As I have argued over the years, Conservatives must be warriors for the dispossessed. But we must not think that it is only a minority in the toughest circumstances we need to act to help. We also need to make our economy work far better for those on average and below average incomes.
Because the British contract has been broken. The basic principle that if you work hard, you will prosper; if your children try hard at school, they will get a good job and own their own home no longer applies. Today, for too many of our neighbours, the reality of economic life is low wages on zero hours contracts, and zero hope of home ownership.
The postwar dream is unfulfilled in our generation. There are two reasons for this, one social and one economic. What makes life difficult for people isn’t just the lack of money. It’s the lack of social capital, the network of trust and help which calls out the best in each of us and makes us a strong support for others. This applies to everyone. Social capital is the best bulwark against poverty and the best driver of social mobility. Indeed, responsibility to others — to the common good — is the best foundation of a strong economy.
Let me take one example. At the moment, children in care often lack advantages the rest of us take for granted. Young people leaving care are three times more likely to be not in work, education and training than their peers. So, as a small practical step to this broader goal, we should explore whether employers who take on a young person who has grown up in care should be rewarded through the tax system, with a holiday from national insurance contributions for that worker.
As this suggests, the other great challenge is economic. We need to rethink what economic activity is really for. Profit is the great driver of innovation and growth, but it must not be the sole purpose of a business. When a company or its shareholders only pursue the bottom line, when the only mission of the enterprise is to profit, then its original mission — to make, to grow, to make life more liveable for more people — is lost. The boss of the US car manufacturer who once said “We don’t make cars, we make money” disgraced his company, and disgraced capitalism.
Social and economic reform demand careful work. But above this, we need policies that respect social solidarity and good citizenship. The rewards in this life should not only go to the fastest, the strongest and the most talented — but also to the kindest, the bravest and the gentlest.
I know that politics is personal. I’m in politics because of the people who showed me kindness and gentleness from the beginning — the parents who adopted me when I was four months old. They gave me the love and care that enabled me to enjoy great opportunities. So I know that each of us needs the right support if we’re to make the most of our talents. Social justice is personal to me.
I did not campaign for Britain to leave the EU as an end in itself. Voting to leave is the means to an end, which is the real mission of my career in politics: to make this country the best place in the world in which to grow up, to get on, to make a contribution. That is the greatness we should aspire to, and one that leaving the EU makes possible.