I heard an interesting podcast about that a little while ago. Essentially, if you were judging on prepandemic planning, you would have guessed, prepandemic, that the UK and the US were among the best-prepared nations on Earth. They ended up two of the worst-hit, most chaotically disorganised nations on Earth. What they lacked, which other places like South Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, etc, had, was the flexibility to respond swiftly in a fashion that wasn't in the pre-prepared rulebook. The extensive preplanning actually hurt them.