I wrote this in another thread a couple of weeks ago. I'm not editing it for the context of this thread because I'm ill at the moment and don't have the energy. Anyway:
I saw a thing a while back, talking about the science that shows identifiable differences between male and female brains. Rather than saying "HA! told you there's a biological difference" it looked at how we know brains to be plastic, and how brains change due to the things we do -- they're not set in stone when we come out of the womb, they develop over time. Specifically it looked at how boys are encouraged to engage in certain types of play, and girls in others. Encouraged not just through one specific thing, like a teacher saying "you're a boy, you go play with that" but rather a whole host of things from familial reinforcement, branding and marketing, peer pressure, etc. It's never just one thing, it's a huge messy web of many.
Anyway, boys were seen to be doing more things like block work, and girls were doing more stuff around dolls. (This is broadly - there will have been overlap, differences, outliers, etc, as well as other activities, I'm just mentioning two in particular.) As a result, brains will develop in relation to those tasks and activities. It's not hard to see how from that we get the idea that boys are good with spatial awareness and girls are good at creativity. They well might be, generally - but because their brains were trained to be like that. But that tendency towards being good at certain things gets used as essentialist proof that boys and girls are biologically hardwired to be different from the get-go.
We don't understand the extent to which -- to use simplistic terms but ones that everyone understands -- nature and nurture interact, but it becomes increasingly clear year after year that it's not a simple either/or, but a complex interaction between the two.
It's not enough for feminists to say "gender is a construct" because it oftentimes ignores the biological reality of brains seemingly being wired in different ways within gendered groups. And likewise it's disingenuous to say "boys and girls are inherently different, the science says so" because it ignores the feedback loop of nature-nurture influencing each other.
I understand (don't agree with, but understand) the fear some feminists have around trans issues because of how it makes 'gender is a construct' far more difficult to talk about, especially when that has been the primary argument against sexism. But that isn't solved by telling trans people they're wrong, or by holing yourself up in some essentialist notion of gender -- because not only are you throwing an entire group of people under the bus, you're misrepresenting the science, and you're undermining your own bloody arguments about gender construction to begin with (gender is a construct; I as a woman have a unique experience that men can't understand; my body codes me in a certain way and I am disadvantaged in society because of that; there's nothing inherent about being a woman; I am a woman and you are not).
Far better to be open about how there's a lot we don't understand, and find better ways to tackle sexism that embrace everyone rather than clinging desperately to one argument that doesn't actually fully realise the ways biology and society interact and constitute each other. Even if it means having to do the very hard work of developing a more nuanced and complex understanding of something that has worked quite well for feminism so far.
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The important bit is the last two paragraphs. In this context you can even substitute "essentialist notion of gender" with "essentialist notion of sex" because they are both constructed positions.
When Thora or whoever says there's nothing innate about gender but I am a woman and you are not, that's shaky ground. Premising it all on the body means nothing, because we code men and women's bodies according to patriarchal notions of gender.
This is an excellent article (that I actually read after I'd first posted the above):
Get mad and get even
I'll quote part of it in length:
A few weeks before I went to the conference, a student petition emerged from Cardiff University calling for the cancellation of a lecture on twentieth-century feminism to be given by Germaine Greer. The petition’s author, Rachael Melhuish, objected to Greer’s beliefs concerning transgender people: ‘Greer has demonstrated time and time again her misogynistic views towards trans women, including continually misgendering trans women and denying the existence of transphobia altogether,’ it reads.
Greer responded to the petition on BBC Newsnight: ‘Apparently people have decided that because I don’t think that post-operative transgender men are women, I’m not to be allowed to talk,’ she said. ‘I’m not saying that people should not be allowed to go through that procedure, what I’m saying is it doesn’t make them a woman.’
In the ensuing debates, much of the conflict concerned whether calling for Greer’s exclusion from the university constituted a threat to freedom of speech and, more broadly, whether the current culture of campus feminism is oversensitive or censorious. Commentators who disagreed with her views on the ontology and political valence of trans people’s genders mostly didn’t enter into explicit arguments about why, instead pointing out the obvious reality that trans people are subjected to severe discrimination and violence, and that Greer implicitly endorses the beliefs by which transphobic violence is normalised and excused. That is, they took issue with her opinions in a functional capacity, rather than directly engaging with them.
This was a pity, because teasing out the threads of ideological disagreement between Greer and the petition-signers is thoroughly illuminating if you can stand the sound of people shouting at each other from across a 45-year gap. Greer’s belief that surgery can’t ‘turn a man into a woman’ and the biological essentialism to which this commits her, is not just a hallmark of Second Wave feminism, but the very basis on which it sought to build a common movement. It’s not some wacky metaphysical conceit she and many other feminists of her era happen to believe for no reason; it is, or historically was, invested with a tremendous amount of productive and positive meaning that made feminism possible as a project. Whatever criticisms of seventies feminism are warranted (I won’t go through them because I don’t have all day), it did achieve substantial progress for many women, partially enabled by this belief.
The burden of reproductive labour that has characterised women’s oppression—sexual availability, pregnancy, birth, childrearing, housework, the constant threat of rape and assault—arises, on this account, directly from biological causes. It’s not hard to see why the existence of trans people poses a challenge for Greer; if she accepts trans women as women, her account of the material basis for female solidarity—biological sex—is extinguished. Her rejection of the legitimacy of trans identities is therefore a sort of cipher for fears about the stability and cohesion of the ‘women’s movement’ as a whole.
Of course Greer is seriously misguided with respect to her specifics. Biology means nothing in a vacuum; only the forces of culture and society intervening on biology can be said to produce any meaning at all, including oppression. ‘Female bodies’, which she defines as bodies capable of pregnancy and birth, only become the instrument by which women are subjugated when patriarchal social forces, the class interests of men, act to produce this state of affairs. This might seem an insignificant point, but it really is crucial. When Greer refers to women’s biology, she is referring to a constructed set of meanings that are produced by oppressive social forces. By reifying these meanings, she implicitly accepts a model of women’s bodies that is created by and serves the interests of patriarchy.
Similar oppressive forces shape the meaning of trans women’s bodies, and produce trans misogyny. That’s why it makes complete sense for non-trans, or cis, women to take trans women at their word regarding their identities: what we all have in common is that our lives are shaped by the operation of sexism. Cis women’s occupation of an inferior spot within the gendered hierarchy is also the only thing that we all have in common. It’s class all the way down.
When Greer says trans women aren’t women, she is policing a line of demarcation she perceives as the enabling force of collective struggle. Unfortunately, what her words effect is an attack on nascent forms of solidarity she doesn’t understand.
This is one of the reasons feminism is in trouble. Parts of it are refusing to expand to include more of what we understand to be shared struggles, things that bind us together. And why? Because doing so would mean having to rethink some tactics and strategies that actually worked quite well in the past. But they were shortcuts. They didn't address the totality of what happens when we engage with gender and sex. And to some extent, that's fair enough - you can't arrive at a final enlightened point before you've been through the work of getting there... but we're making strides towards getting closer now. Why resist? Fear? I can understand fear. But that excuses none of this. Especially not the vitriol and hate that is spewed at trans and other non-binary people. Because they threaten the apple cart? No. What threatens to undermine the fight against patriarchy is refusing to engage with ALL the ways patriarchy acts on all types of gender expression, all gender identities, all biological sexes, and to understand a shared struggle.