Pickman's model
Starry Wisdom
1) canonical fiction is not necessarily good fiction. things like austen, dickens etc aren't there because they're really good but because some (mainly white and middle class) people have decided they're good. it's not like nineteenth century fiction was limited to what's now available in oxford world classics or penguin classics, for every barnaby rudge there were another 20 novels published.Whatever the weirdness & probably racistness of this judgement , the idea that reading (good) fiction increases your capacity for empathy is pretty much proven i think.
But also , about half of the Uk’s prison population are ‘functionally illiterate’, forcing people to read Victorian novels isn’t necessarily the answer.
2) austen isn't victorian and shakespeare wasn't even nineteenth century. thomas hardy's 'jude the obscure', now considered a classic, was so reviled by the victorian public that it was the last novel hardy ever wrote, tho he lived another 33 years.