love detective
there's no love too small
Imagine that, just before I close my accounts, I agree to make you a hat.
I charge you £10 and promise you the hat in a while.
I pay myself £6 as salary, put £2 away for a rainy day and spend £2 on the requisite materials.
I now have £4 in assets and cash, but £10 in liabilities, because I owe you a hat.
My business, on a very crude reckoning, has a net value of -£6.
Again utter nonsense
In the situation you describe (i.e. accepting money for a sale that has not yet been honoured) as the £10 received in relation to that sale is deferred (for future release to P&L as revenue when the sale is actually completed and the revenue can then be legally recognised) then the expenses relating to the performance of that sale would also be deferred, therefore your balance sheet at the end of the period in relation to that transaction alone would be:-
Assets
- Bank 2 (initial receipt of £10, less £6 paid out for salary and £2 paid out for materials)
- Deferred Expenses 8 (salary of £6 and materials of £2)
- Total Assets 10
- Deferred Revenue 10
- Total Liabilities 10
Assets
- Bank 2
- Retained Profit 2 (£10 sales, less £8 expenses)
some types of liabilities on a company's balance sheet may represent cash received for sales that have not yet been delivered/honoured but you are completely wrong to state that liabilities are the same thing as sales. Sales that are made and delivered prior to receiving the money for them will never go near the balance sheet as liabilities (instead they will represent an asset relating to the money due to the company from the customer). Likewise all kinds of liabilities are present on a companies balance sheet that have nothing to do with specific sales (debt, loan capital, tax liabilities, lease obligations, overdrafts etc. etc.)