To anyone that works within the industry, these days were always coming. At a local level, even pre-privatisation, water board yards were corrupt as you could imagine. Some prominent London locations were staffed by whole directly employed families who did very little, some times not even coming to work, with contractors paid to go and actually dig holes and mend pipes. It was brown envelopes a plenty and there a many a large huge contractor and haulage contractor today who's business started getting paid fortunes for a relatively small kickback to a local area manager. 5 loads of MOT type 1 to the yard? Sign these delivery notes for 20 loads and here's £50. Deal done. You want £10k for your daughter's wedding? Here's an invoice for 4 weeks of 20 labourers, get that paid and I want to be on the top table. It was so rife, the lads with a shovel in their hand throught nothing of it. There was a pub next door to a one yard, where an area manager would hold court every Friday afternoon, with a procession of contractors and subcontractors turning up to pay their dues. Many any incident of contractors having multiple vans outside a manager's house for weeks, while they decorated it, or lanscaped his garden, all paid for by the water board. And they were all at it, and everyone knew, so none of them would ever rat the others out. The weekend supervisor was signing a timesheet for two grab lorry drivers who weren't at work, but they were giving him half the shift money they were paid, his manager knew, but was his father-in-law and was signing for the muck they weren't taking away and getting half of that and so on. And then multiply that by everywhere.
Fast forward to after privatisation, the and the huge money available drew in bigger and bigger sharks and that macro-level explotation went nuclear, with a succession of larger and larger contractors coming in a making fortunes. Over time that became peanuts as huge banks came in realised how much could be siphoned off with little to no risk. I've no doubt the the hugely inflated cost of doing work was a contributory factor to the goldrush that followed.