Lots of things going on in German politics at the moment. I'm trying to give sort of an update (and not to bore you).
It basically started with a professional YouTuber with about 1.5M followers publishing a video a week before the European elections, which went viral and got about 10M views until election day.[1] That's essentially ten times the sales numbers of famous German tabloid BILD. In this hour-long video he not only accuses CDU politicians (and to a lesser extent the SPD ones as well) to be incompetent, corrupt, have no clue about what they're doing and consequently ignoring the interests of younger generations. He went through a couple of policy fields like housing, wealth distribution, support of the American drone wars, the European copyright directive, cannabis criminalization and especially global warming, while supporting every claim extensively with footnotes and sources. In the end, he explicitly called his viewers not to vote for the CDU and SPD, who he made responsible for all this shit, and as a sidenote not for the AfD either, and to talk to their parents and grandparents about these topics, too, because "old people demographically constitute the majority of voters". This video obviously caught the CDU flat-footed, and they were not able to give an effective response in time, despite the usual bunch of classic media supporting them by dissing the YouTuber ad hominem. Rezo, as he is called, then topped this days before the election by publishing another video, where more than 90 different German YouTube stars supported his claims on climate change politics and also his stance, that CDU, SPD and AfD shouldn't be voted for.[2]
I'm not sure, to which extend this videos influenced the outcome of the election. In my opinion, the majority of young people have already been fed up with these parties, as shown by the uproar against the European copyright directive and the FridaysForFuture movement. But it certainly helped to mobilize this people to actually go voting. In the end, turnout surged by round about 13 percent points up to more than 60%, which hadn't been the case for European elections in Germany since 1994. The CDU went down from 36% in 2014 to 28% now, the SPD nearly halved its voting share from 27% to 15%, while the Green party doubled from 10% to 20%. The AfD also went up from 7% to 11%, but felt short of the common expectations of 13–15%. On a sidenote, the satire party Die PARTEI was able to get close to 3% and doubled their seats in the European Parliament from 1 to 2, as many people voted for smaller parties. The Pirate Party of Germany defended their 1 seat as well.
Apparently the Greens have ultimately replaced the socialdemocrats as the centre-left runner-ups against the christiandemocrats now. Polls after the election support this trend, with the Greens rising even further at the expense of the SPD, with several polls showing the Greens even better than the CDU now,[3] and there's no sign that the SPD will ever be able to turn this around again.
Another thing to learn from this election is, if you're discussing real problems in public, like climate change, housing, etc., instead of pseudo problems like migration and refugees, right-wing populists don't overperform any longer. (Surprise!)
Also, new media formats challenge the old gatekeepers like TV and print press, and the old parties struggle with this loss of control. The picture the CDU showed in response to the Rezo videos was quite embarrassing, basically summing up like "WTF? He can't do that. Isn't there any law which prevents him from doing it?", now slowly replaced by "We have to have such a YouTube guy ourselves. Why don't we have that?" m)
What's also shown are several deep divides in the German society. First it's the divide between old and young.[4] The median of German voters is about an age of 55, meaning that it has been totally reasonable for the big, old political parties to focus more on pensions and preserving jobs of older people for example in the coal industry rather than on a sustainable future for people, who plan to stay on this planet for another couple of decades. But the tide is turning. At the European elections, the Greens already went top in every age class under 60! Just the 70+ voters saved the CDU's first place, with way more than 40% support in this group. They are also the age group, which votes for SPD more than any other. These are clearly dinosaur parties.
The other divide is between east and west. While the Greens went first place in several western states, they're still lagging behind in the east, where the AfD is the strongest party in several states, even before the CDU, often with more than 25%. In the west, in contrary, the AfD has clearly jumped the shark, falling below 10% in pretty much every state. (It's important to realize, that all the former Eastern German states without Berlin have in summary a population round about the same height as Northrhine-Westphalia alone.)
There's also a divide between urban and rural society, also with the Greens championing every major city, while the CDU retains ground in rural areas, at least where they don't lose to the AfD.
So what's probably going on in the near future? In the CDU there's clearly a power vacuum forming after Merkel announced her retirement, and there's a strong trend, that right-wingers in her party urge to fill this. There're also several state elections in the East taking place later this year, and it will probably prove very difficult to form governments there without the AfD, giving the CDU's right wingers arguments to try it with them, despite until now they still formally rule that out. On the other hand this is probably going to cost them votes in the centre, and in the end maybe end their monopoly on the chancellorship some day.
For the SPD, I really can't see any possible positive scenario for the future. They're just an overaged, weak party in decline. Their personnel seems to lack any quality. They still suffer from the massive welfare cuts they did under the Schröder government, and rightfully so, but refuse to admit they did anything wrong back then.
The Left party is also stagnating. Many of them are old as well, and they are internally divided into lots of fractions, some of them pretty untenable, like supporting Hamas, Putin, Assad and the like. And although providing the prime minister in the state of Thuringia, (probably not to be reelected later this year, unfortunately,) they haven't got any realistic chance to get their hands on governmental powers on federal level and in most of the states, so many voters probably consider a vote for them wasted, because it would be a certain opposition vote.
Clear winners are the Greens, and one of their two leaders, Robert Habeck, is widely considered to have good chances to become the next chancellor.
Also, I expect the satire project PARTEI to gain additional ground and probably manage to beat the 5% entry level at the next Berlin elections, although it's still a while until these take place in 2021. Maybe in the end they will turn into a proper, young, left-wing alternative, if they don't fuck it up before. The European DiEM25 project by Yanis Varoufakis, who wanted to be this alternative and even presented Varoufakis here in Germany as main candidate, clearly failed to even beat the 0.6% threshold for a single seat in the European Parliament, perhaps because they seriously lacked funding. At least, they weren't really visible in public at all.
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Wahlumfragen zur Bundestagswahl
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https://wahl.tagesschau.de/wahlen/2019-05-26-EP-DE/charts/umfrage-alter/chart_379131.jpg ,
Europawahl 2019