Scientists think there will be new variants every year just like flu, and we will produce new vaccines every year, just like flu, and that's how we will keep it under control. Most likely the vaccine will only be offered to older people and the vulnerable.
Thats a general approach but there are loads of potential timing flaws.
We've now got some sense of how long a mass vaccination programme takes, and what sort of rate of supply has been available to a country like the UK that is prepared to grab as much as it can.
And we've heard various confident claims about how quickly vaccines can be adapted to include new characteristics of the virus.
We've also seen how quickly a new variant with a big advantage can take hold, even with some restrictions and behavioural changes in place, and how long it takes to get a handle on the variants details, study it to see where its advantage may be found etc.
What we havent had the opportunity to put all of the above together into a scenario where we need to urgently respond to a new strain because it escapes a lot of prior immunity, and is fit enough for purpose with key advantages over its rivals, so that it has the potential to dominate. How quickly will it take in practice to offer protection to the population in such circumstances?
If we look at the timing of the gap between our authorities suspecting a new variant was going to swamp this country, and the wave of that variant actually doing so, the timescales dont imply success with the above.
Rather the authorities will be rather reliant on the idea that the first new variant to actually cause this sort of immune escape and become the dominant strain, will not in practice be exactly the same as being back to square one with a new, novel virus that the population has no prior protection against. They will be hoping that the vaccines and prior infections still do something against the new strain, that effectiveness is reduced but not obliterated. Or that the variant will also have some disadvantages which end up buying us more time. We've seen with the two variants most relevant to the UK so far that they showed signs of doing a bit on the immune escape front, just not enough to make existing vaccines really quite bad, just slightly less good than before. They are examples of something a traditional vaccine update & distribution schedule could hope to cope with, by gradually evolving the vaccines used to cope with gradually decreasing effectiveness. And the authorities lean on other stuff during any tricky periods, eg by relying on the vaccine protection still being enough to work with their numbers game. The sort of test the UK currently faces as we wait to fully establish how bad this Delta wave will be. If we get away with that I will probably have further comment, and if we fail I certainly will. For example the Delta strain has certainly complicated the numbers game because of how much less protection one dose of current vaccines seems to offer against it, but the results are better with second dose so we could lean on solutions involving dose timing this time, to try to make the numbers game turn out ok again. But there are various combinations of parameters that the current shit government approach has no chance against, and this current wave will certainly help inform my thinking on that.
I am not able to judge how likely a much worse scenario will be. eg a mutation that does really cause a giant problem in one go in terms of immune escape. We are bound to learn more about this entire area as we move further into an era where the virus will really need to gain an immune escape advantage in order to thrive. The seelction pressure is being ramped up and I am not arrogant or self-assured enough to think I already know what the big stories will be in that era. It will be a long time before I can remove the idea that the virus will make fools of the UK approach from my list of possibilities, and I dont think I can take any reassurances on that front too seriously, only with the passing of time will the ultimate guide to that end up writing itself before our very eyes.