detail emerges about what happened
extracts from Marie Colvin in the Sunday Times
Jenin: the bloody truth
Rafi Laderman, a personable Israeli reserve major, emerged from the battlefield and made the rounds of the media in his rumpled green uniform. His clear plastic spectacles signalled his real job as a marketing consultant.
Laderman insisted that all the buildings in the refugee camp had been destroyed by explosive booby traps set by the terrorists, or levelled by Israeli bulldozers because they "presented additional engineering difficulties" that could endanger civilians. He himself had stopped the fighting to lead Palestinian civilians to safety.
All that seemed disingenuous. Equally unlikely were Palestinian claims that the Israelis had killed 500 Palestinians in cold blood, most civilians, and buried them in mass graves under the rubble after running them over with tanks. Israel said about 70 had been killed.
Terje Roed-Larsen, the United Nations envoy to the Middle East, cut through the propaganda by stating the obvious: "No military operation can justify this scale of destruction. Whatever the purpose was, the effect is collective punishment of a whole society."
He and his family received telephone death threats from Israeli callers for his pains.
Late in the day, when all was quiet, I was walking past the Jenin hospital. Nearby, women and children were slowly making their way back to temporary lodgings after a day trying to find their homes and relatives. An armoured personnel carrier pulled up at end of street behind us. The Palestinians took no notice - until the soldier in the turret opened fire straight down the street with his machinegun.
I dived for shelter. Children cried in terror. The soldier initially fired over our heads, but now bullets flashed by at chest height. The screams turned to moans as the APC headed towards us down the street.
It rolled into sight, stopped the gunfire and swivelled the huge barrel to point directly at us. Then the soldier waved his hand in anger, yelling: "Go, go." I think he just wanted everyone off the streets.
If I was now convinced by claims Israelis opened fire indiscriminately on civilians, weighing up the truth of other allegations would be much more difficult. Even what can seem obvious is not necessarily true.
Scores of interviews in the camp did show consistency, however. Story after story - from people who had not yet met one another since they fled - indicated the Israelis had used Palestinians as human shields and had taken families hostage to protect their makeshift posts set up in their houses.
My conclusion after interviewing scores of refugees is that there is no evidence Israeli troops entered the camp aiming to "massacre" Palestinian civilians. But in many cases they shot first and did not take much care to find out if the target was a civilian or not.
Under the fourth Geneva convention, they are required to protect the civilian population, and wilful killing of a civilian is a potential war crime.
I am also certain that numerous Palestinians were held hostage in their homes while Israeli troops used the building as a base or a firing post, and that others were taken door to door as a human shields, sometimes thrown into rooms ahead of Israeli troops.
Both are violations of international law, which protects civilians in wartime.
As for the bulldozing of the Hawamish area, this seems to have been out of a combination of fear and revenge rather than premeditated.
http://www.sunday-times.co.uk/article/0,,178-273694,00.html
extracts from Sunday Telegraph
'Bad things did happen - we had no choice'
Many died as a result of a change in Israeli tactics. On April 6, with only half the camp under Israeli control, Brig Gen Eyal Shlein, the increasingly frustrated officer running the operation, himself under heavy pressure from superiors to wrap things up swiftly, ordered the deployment of armoured bulldozers to smash down stubborn outposts of resistance and clear broader lanes that tanks could use.
The impact of this decision on Palestinian civilians as they cowered in terror was instant and brutal.
on April 9, an infantry patrol was sucked into the deadliest ambush of the battle, losing 13 men to bombs and intense gunfire among the rubble of buildings destroyed earlier in the day.
That bloody incident provoked the most intense Israeli onslaught of the operation, with fresh troops from regular army battalions pitching in alongside the exhausted, dirt-caked reservists behind bulldozers tearing down everything in their path.
There was now a raw edge of savagery to the fighting: one officer admitted to an Israeli journalist that troops had sometimes fired at Red Crescent ambulances and refused to allow Palestinian medics to treat wounded gunmen, some of whom died as a result.
Another confirmed that Palestinian civilians were occasionally used as human shields when suspect buildings were being surrounded: "If a sniper sees somebody he knows out there, maybe he won't shoot."
Bad things happen in war: but as the last Israeli troops were pulled back from Jenin to nearby positions surrounding the town on all sides, those who had been at the sharp end - from the grieving Ofer to the steely Colonel Eisin - were adamant that even in the madness of close-quarters combat, there had been no random killing, no cold-blooded massacre of the innocent.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/mai...21.xml&sSheet=/news/2002/04/21/ixnewstop.html