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*IRAQ: latest news and developments

US injured in combat passes 10,000. Also this

capt.nyet26312302026.iraq_us_troops_military_casualties_nyet263.jpg


"All along the way it's bumpy," Rumsfeld told a group of Marines over lunch at their base outside of Fallujah, the city west of Baghdad where nearly 100 Marines have been killed over the past two months. "It's tough, and there are setbacks. It's not a smooth, easy, steady path to success."
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tm...&u=/ap/20041230/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq_us_troops
 
U.S. Releases New Memo Defining Torture
The Justice Department released a rewritten legal memo on what constitutes torture, backing away from its own assertions prior to the Iraqi prison abuse scandal that torture had to involve "excruciating and agonizing pain."

The 17-page memo omitted two of the most controversial assertions made in now-disavowed 2002 Justice Department documents: that President Bush, as commander in chief in wartime, had authority superseding U.S. anti-torture laws and that U.S. personnel had several legal defenses against criminal liability in such cases.

The new document said torture violates U.S. and international law. "Consideration of the bounds of any such authority would be inconsistent with the president's unequivocal directive that United States personnel not engage in torture," said the memo from Daniel Levin, acting chief of the Office of Legal Counsel, to Deputy Attorney General James Comey.

Critics in Congress and many legal experts say the original documents set up a legal framework that led to abuses at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, in Afghanistan and at the U.S. prison camp for terror suspects at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. After the Iraqi prison abuses came to light, the Justice Department in June disavowed its previous legal reasoning and set to work on the replacement document.

The Justice Department memo, dated Thursday, was released less than a week before the Senate Judiciary Committee was to consider Bush's nomination of his chief White House counsel, Alberto Gonzales, to replace John Ashcroft as attorney general. Democrats have said they would question Gonzales closely on memos he wrote that were similar to the now-disavowed Justice Department documents that critics said appeared to justify torture.

The release also coincided with continuing revelations of possible detainee abuse, most recently a series of memos from FBI agents uncovered in an American Civil Liberties Union lawsuit alleging instances of Defense Department wrongdoing during a variety of interrogations.

The new Justice Department memo sets a far different tone, beginning with this sentence: "Torture is abhorrent both to American law and values and to international norms."

The document, again directly contradicting the previous version, says torture need not be limited to pain "equivalent in intensity to the pain accompanying serious physical injury, such as organ failure, impairment of bodily function, or even death." Instead, the memo concludes that anti-torture laws passed by Congress equate torture with physical suffering "even if it does not involve severe physical pain" but still must be more than "mild and transitory." That can include mental suffering under certain circumstances, but it would not have to last for months or years, as the previous document said.
 
another 7 us troops dead today by a roadside bomb...

check bbc radio 4 website..

fuck knows how many iraqis killed today by friendly fire....

innit
 
US strikes 'wrong' Iraqi target
US forces have been accused of bombing innocent people before
An American air strike in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul has hit the wrong target, the US military has admitted. The bomb demolished a house in Aaytha, killing 14 people, according to local officials. The US put the toll at five. The military said it "deeply regrets the loss of possibly innocent lives", and promised an investigation. Several thousand US troops have been sent to the Mosul area recently to help quell the anti-US insurgency ahead of elections at the end of the month.
Samarra election commission members resignAll of the members of the
High Election Commission in the Sunni-majority city of Samarra resigned Saturday in support of a call to boycott upcoming elections from the Muslim Clerics Association
Gunmen arrested in northern city of Mosul
American forces have arrested 17 gunmen in several raids in the northern city of Mosul over the past 24 hours, a statement by the Multinational forces said Saturday
 
Inside Falluja: 'Nothing to come back to'
At about 0800 on Friday, the US checkpoint in the west of Falluja agreed that people from the city, especially those who live in the Andalus sector, be allowed inside to see their homes. I was there, inside the city - about 60% to 70% of the homes and buildings are completely crushed and damaged, and not ready to inhabit at the moment.

Of the 30% still left standing, I don't think there is a single one that has not been exposed to some damage. One of my colleagues... went to see his home, and saw that it is almost completely collapsed and everything is burnt inside. When he went to his neighbours' home, he found a relative of his was dead and a dog had eaten the meat off him. I think we will see many things like this, because the US forces have cleared the dead people from the streets, but not from inside the homes.

Most of the people are coming back out of the city after seeing that their homes are not ready for living in. But I saw two families who stayed in Falluja despite their homes being clearly damaged, and one man, who has only a room to live in, has told me he will stay on because he has been living in very bad conditions outside Falluja. He told me he will bring other members of his family and will live there - he cannot do otherwise.

There is no water, no electricity, no sewage system - there is nothing inside the city, except a very small amount of medical supplies that have come from Falluja hospital by two ambulances. There is a primary health centre inside the city with two doctors to give people medical supplies and support.

I was in Falluja hospital last night and I heard a lot of fighting and bombing, which continued for about three or four hours. I head very loud explosions inside the city.
 
US hails arrest of Iraq militant
America has branded al-Zarqawi public enemy number one in Iraq
American forces have announced the arrest of a key member of an al-Qaeda-linked group in Iraq. The man, known as Abu Ahmed, was captured last month. His group is said to be closely allied with that of militant leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. The US military says Abu Ahmed had been conducting and co-ordinating terrorist operations in the Iraqi city of Mosul. The US has been focusing on Iraq's third largest city since it completed its offensive in Falluja last November.
 
Soldier cleared in drowning case
Perkins was found guilty of aggravated assault in the case
A US military court has cleared an army sergeant of killing an Iraqi civilian by ordering him into the River Tigris. But Sgt Tracy Perkins was found guilty of assault on the man, Zaidoun Hassoun, who the prosecution say was drowned. He was accused of ordering Mr Hassoun and his cousin into the river at gunpoint in the Iraqi city of Samarra, north of Baghdad, a year ago.

Perkins faces a maximum prison sentence of 11 years. Another soldier is to face charges relating to the same incident. Perkins was found guilty of aggravated assault on 19-year-old Zaidoun Hassoun and his cousin, Marwan Fadel, and of obstruction of justice. The jury in Fort Hood, Texas, deliberated for more than 16 hours before arriving at the verdict....

...But the defence denied that the body was Zaidoun's, saying it believes both men made it to shore alive. They argued that the jury should not convict Perkins because there was "no body, no evidence, no death". The trial of another soldier accused in the case, 1st Lt Jack Saville, has been postponed so that the body can be exhumed and examined.
 
Iraq battling more than 200,000 insurgents: intelligence chief
BAGHDAD, Jan 3 (AFP) - Iraq's insurgency counts more than 200,000 active fighters and sympathisers, the country's national intelligence chief told AFP, in the bleakest assessment to date of the armed revolt waged by Sunni Muslims.

"I think the resistance is bigger than the US military in Iraq. I think the resistance is more than 200,000 people," Iraqi intelligence service director General Mohamed Abdullah Shahwani said in an interview ahead of the January 30 elections.

Shahwani said the number includes at least 40,000 hardcore fighters but rises to more than 200,000 members counting part-time fighters and volunteers who provide rebels everything from intelligence and logistics to shelter.

The numbers far exceed any figure presented by the US military in Iraq, which has struggled to get a handle on the size of the resistance since toppling Saddam Hussein's regime in April 2003.
 
In Memory of Fatimah
Iraqi Resistance forces fired a rocket barrage at the US Abu Ghurayb prison camp west of Baghdad. A correspondent for Mafkarat al-Islam in Baghdad said that the attack took place at 1am Friday and that a variety of rockets, including the powerful Ababil and the Grad were used in barrage that lasted more than 15 minutes.

The correspondent reported that the barrage left four Iraqis dead, as well as the Iraqi woman prisoner known as Fatimah whose letter, smuggled out of the prison two weeks earlier, disclosed outrages such as gang rapes that the US forces regularly perpetrate against the prisoners in the ill-reputed facility. (See below for Fatimah's letter, reprinted here from the Iraqi Resistance Report of, 18 December 2004.) Friday's barrage also severely wounded one 22-year old Iraqi woman.

http://www.rense.com/general61/fat2.htm
 
US troops kill Iraqi civilians
By Matt Spetalnick
BAGHDAD (Reuters) - U.S. troops targeted by a roadside bomb have mistakenly killed two Iraqi policemen and two bystanders hours after an American warplane bombed the wrong house, exacting a heavy civilian toll, Iraqi officials say.

The back-to-back incidents on Saturday fuelled anti-American anger over the deaths of innocents during a raging insurgency just three weeks before Iraq's first election since U.S.-led forces toppled dictator Saddam Hussein.

Residents said 14 people were killed in an air strike in the northern village of Aaytha, and showed 14 freshly dug graves. The military, making a rare admission of error in its fight against guerrillas, said its 500-pound bomb killed five people.

Shortly afterwards, a U.S. military convoy was hit by a explosion near a police checkpoint south of Baghdad in an lawless area known as the "Triangle of Death".

Troops escorting the vehicles struck back but at the wrong target, Interior Ministry spokesman Adnan Abdul-Rahman said. Two police officers and two civilians were killed. He said a fifth Iraqi suffered a heart attack and died at the scene.

The U.S. military launched an investigation into the bombing at Aaytha, near the restive city of Mosul, but said it had no immediate information on the convoy attack near Yusufiya.

Iraqis voiced resentment over what they see as heavy-handed U.S. military tactics and callousness toward mounting civilian deaths, sentiment that has dented U.S. efforts to win hearts and minds and get the country behind the January 30 ballot.

"Why did these poor people have to die?" lamented Baghdad taxi driver Doraid Abdul Khaliq, 28. "Bombing, shooting and running a tank over cars have all become something normal."

U.S. officials insist American forces do their utmost to avoid civilian casualties but that Sunni-led insurgents trying to disrupt the election mount many attacks from populated areas.

BLOODY CAMPAIGN

Pressing a bloody campaign of assassinations, gunmen shot dead the acting police chief of the northern city of Samarra.

And a suicide car bomb rammed into an Iraqi police and army checkpoint in the town of Yusufiya south of Baghdad on Sunday, killing two police and two civilians, police said.

They said at least nine people had been wounded.

Adding to the chaotic climate, seven Ukrainian troops and a Kazakh soldier assigned to multinational forces were killed trying to detonate an ammunition cache in the Wasit province, a spokesman for the Polish army said.

General staff spokesman Colonel Zdzislaw Gnatowski told Reuters a single large bomb had exploded while being transported for destruction, injuring an additional seven Ukrainians and four Kazakhs.

It was one of the deadliest blows to non-U.S. forces operating in the country.

In Seoul, the Foreign Ministry said it was checking reports that one or two South Koreans may have been kidnapped in Iraq.

Also on Sunday, a U.S. soldier was killed by a roadside bomb while on patrol in Baghdad, the military said.

CAMPAIGN OF INTIMIDATION

Many Sunni leaders say the insurgents' campaign of intimidation, marked by suicide bombings and shootings, will make fair elections impossible, and plan to boycott the polls.

With tensions rising by the day, U.S. officials promised a thorough investigation of Saturday's bombing.

"The intended target was another location nearby," the army said, explaining it had been hunting an insurgent leader. It expressed deep regret for the "loss of possibly innocent lives".

Investigators were expected to review air support tactics and examine whether an intelligence lapse was to blame. Military commanders complain that some information provided by fledgling Iraqi security forces has proved inaccurate.

President George W. Bush has pledged American-led troops will do everything possible to safeguard Iraq's election. But with three weeks to go, Bush acknowledged that four of 18 provinces were still not secure enough to vote.

In the past week alone, Sunni insurgents have killed nearly 100 people in attacks mostly targeting security forces they regard as collaborators with foreign occupiers.

Many leaders of Saddam's once-privileged Sunni minority have called for a delay in the vote, saying persistent violence in Sunni areas would scare away many voters and skew the results in favour of the long-marginalised Shi'ite majority.

But interim Prime Minister Iyad Allawi, a secular Shi'ite, has rejected any postponement of the vote, which is expected to cement the Shi'ites' newfound political dominance.

Shi'ite Iran said it favoured Iraqi elections going ahead on time as a step towards full sovereignty and an end to occupation, saying postponment would not stop the violence.
 
Baghdad police deputy shot dead
Baghdad's deputy police chief has been killed outside his home in the south of the Iraqi capital.

Brigadier Amer Ali Nayef was shot dead along with his son, Khalid Amer - also a policeman - as they left the family home for work in the south of the city. Violence has been escalating in Iraq ahead of elections due on 30 January. This is the second killing of a senior official in less than a week. Last Tuesday, Baghdad governor Ali al-Haidri was shot dead in a roadside ambush. Brig Nayef and his son had just left their home in the Dora area of the city in a car when they were intercepted by gunmen in two cars.

The attackers sprayed machine-gun fire at the police chief's vehicle, killing both men instantly, before fleeing the scene. The attack came minutes after a suicide bomber killed at least three policemen at a police station in the capital. Several others were wounded in the blast in the southern Zafaraniya area of the city. The death of the deputy police chief is another major blow to the Iraqi security forces at a time when they are preparing to play a major role protecting the elections, says the BBC's Jim Muir in Baghdad. The militants have vowed to disrupt the polls, however US forces have brought in extra troops, and a special security plan is being implemented to try to reduce the risks.
In Iraq, gunfire is the only common language
United States soldiers may have killed as many as 19 Iraqi civilians in two incidents over the weekend, heightening tensions between local people and the American forces responsible for protecting them during the country's parliamentary elections this month. The police chief of the Sunni Arab town of Samarra was also shot dead yesterday.

In the violent region just south of the capital known as the "triangle of death", US soldiers who were struck by a roadside bomb allegedly opened fire on Iraqi bystanders on Saturday evening, killing at least three civilians and two policemen.

American officials said they had no information on the latest civilian casualties, which took place hours after the military admitted dropping a 500lb bomb on a house in northern Iraq, killing as many as 14 Iraqi civilians. The civilian deaths come just three weeks before parliamentary elections in which Americans are to assist local security forces in protecting Iraqi voters, poll workers and voting venues from Sunni Arab insurgents who say they will disrupt an election that will probably confer power on the long-oppressed Shia majority.
 
Genocidal hypocrites

Shocking waste of lives on all sides, and the whole thing really shows why Saddam ruled Iraq the way he did - strong leadership essential, but establishing a nation requires consent, not repression.

Anyway, to keep up to date with news, I use www.newsnow.co.uk, very good. Also check the excellent 'Today in Iraq' and Baghdad Burning blogs.
 
A SOLDIER suspected of murdering Sally Geeson, the forensic science student who disappeared on New Year’s Day, has killed himself in Glasgow.

Lance Corporal David Atkinson, who had recently returned from service in Iraq, set himself on fire before jumping to his death from an upper floor of the Corus hotel in the city centre at 4.30am on Saturday.

source
 
America's moral values on trial

Piling Abu Ghraib prisoners into piles of pyramids is not torture, says lawyer. "Don't cheerleaders all over America form pyramids six to eight times a year. Is that torture?"

Womack said using a tether was a valid method of controlling detainees, especially those who might be soiled with faeces.

"You're keeping control of them. A tether is a valid control to be used in corrections," he said. "In Texas we'd lasso them and drag them out of there."

more........

America's moral values on trial
 
Ukrainian parliament calls for immediate withdrawal from Iraq
KIEV, Ukraine Ukraine's parliament is calling for the immediate withdrawal of the country's peacekeepers from Iraq. Ukraine's 16-hundred-50 troops are the fourth largest contingent in the U-S-led force in Iraq. Yesterday, Ukraine's president ordered the foreign and defense ministries to develop a plan to withdraw troops within the first half of this year. In a session broadcast live on T-V, parliament called on the president to immediately issue a decree to withdraw the troops.
Iraq insurgent attacks kill 17
TIKRIT, Iraq (Reuters) - A car bomb has killed seven policemen in Saddam Hussein's home town and gunmen have shot dead eight people in a minibus south of Baghdad in the latest attacks to threaten Iraq's January 30 election. The bomb struck police headquarters in Tikrit, a Sunni Muslim stronghold 175 km (110 miles) north of Baghdad. Authorities said eight officers were also wounded. Repeated guerrilla attacks on the Iraqi police and soldiers who will be tasked with protecting polling stations have deepened fears of major bloodletting on the day Iraqis vote in the controversial election.

Shortly after the blast on Tuesday, gunmen attacked a minibus travelling through Iraq's notorious "Triangle of Death", killing eight people and kidnapping three, police in the area said. Police said it was not immediately clear who was in the vehicle. Sunni insurgents regularly target Iraq security forces and Shi'ite pilgrims in the lawless zone of dusty towns, which is regarded as one of the most dangerous parts of Iraq.
 
I haven't had chance to watch the video clip yet, but the article is worth the read.

City of ghosts
December 25

At around 8am, Tariq and I drove towards Falluja. We didn't believe that we might actually get into the city.

The American soldiers at the checkpoint were nervous. The approach to the checkpoint was covered in pebbles so we had to drive very slowly. The soldiers spent 20 minutes searching my car, then they bodysearched Tariq and me. They gave me a yellow tape to put on to the windscreen of the car, showing I had been searched and was a contractor. If I didn't have this stripe of yellow, a US sniper would shoot me as an enemy car.

By 10am we were inside the city. It was completely devastated, destruction everywhere. It looked like a city of ghosts. Falluja used to be a modern city; now there was nothing. We spent the day going through the rubble that had been the centre of the city; I didn't see a single building that was functioning.

The Americans had put a white tape across the roads to stop people wandering into areas that they still weren't allowed to enter. I remembered the market from before the war, when you couldn't walk through it because of the crowds. Now all the shops were marked with a cross, meaning that they had been searched and secured by the US military. But the bodies, some of them civilians and some of them insurgents, were still rotting inside.

There were dead dogs everywhere in this area, lying in the middle of the streets. Reports of rabies in Falluja had reached Baghdad, but I needed to find a doctor.

Fallujans are suspicious of outsiders, so I found it surprising when Nihida Kadhim, a housewife, beckoned me into her home. She had just arrived back in the city to check out her house; the government had told the people three days earlier that they should start going home. She called me into her living room. On her mirror she pointed to a message that had been written in her lipstick. She couldn't read English. It said: "Fuck Iraq and every Iraqi in it!"

"They are insulting me, aren't they?" she asked.

Extract from Documentary: http://guardian.co.uk/guardianfilms/fallujah
 
2 Suicide attempts and 17 US soldiers go AWOL

On Friday, January 7, 2005 Sergeant Kevin Benderman, stationed with the 2-7 Infantry Battalion at Ft. Stewart, Georgia, refused an order from the Command Sergeant Major of his unit Samuel Coston to deploy to Iraq and requested a General Courts-Martial.

Benderman, 40 is a combat veteran, having served one tour in Iraq in 2003 during which a Captain in his command ordered soldiers from Benderman’s outfit to fire on children throwing rocks at unit personnel. Having personally witnessed this and other illegal acts by military personnel during his tour, Benderman now says that under no circumstances will he participate further in the war in Iraq, a war Secretary General of the United Nations Kofi Annan has labeled "illegal".

Benderman has applied for Conscientious Objector status. His commanders have not yet acted on his request, as required by Army regulations.

In further developments this weekend, it has been confirmed that Specialist J.R. Burt and Specialist David Beals, also of 2-7 attempted suicide rather than deploy to Iraq, and an additional seventeen soldiers in 2-7 Infantry Battalion have gone AWOL for the same reason. Army sources who have been granted anonymity because they feared retaliation stated that both Burt and Beals are being harassed and mistreated on the Psychiatric Ward of Winn Army Hospital by unit commanders and a civilian, Dr. Capp who in apparent violation of state law is reported as informing them of the harsh punishments they may expect should they refuse deployment. In addition, SFC Johnson, 2-7 platoon sergeant for Spec. Beals reportedly told him recently "…when I get you to Iraq, I’m going to get you killed," in the presence of several witnesses who say this incident was a catalyst in Beals’ attempted suicide.

Winn Army Hospital Public Affairs Officer Laurie Kemp refused to even confirm that the two Specialists had been admitted to the hospital.


http://www.axisoflogic.com/artman/publish/printer_15006.shtml
 
US Marine Shoots Officers after going AWOL

A United States Marine shot two police officers, one fatally, Sunday night. In a second gun battle three hours later, officers shot and killed the suspect.

Ceres Police Sgt. Howard Stevenson died from his injuries at an area hospital, a spokesman for the Stanislaus County Sheriff's Department said this morning.

Officer Sam Ryno was listed in critical condition at an area hospital Monday morning. Both men had been shot several times with an automatic rifle.

Three hours after the shooting, police shot and killed the suspect when they found him behind a nearby home. Police said Monday that the 19-year-old Modesto man, reported absent without leave from Camp Pendleton Saturday night, had served in Iraq and did not want to return.


http://www.modestobee.com/local/story/9745305p-10612066c.html
 
Iraq's power supply sinks to record low: US general
Power plants now generate only 3,500-3,600 megawatts daily, far less than the 4,400 megawatts of electricity under Saddam Hussein's rule on the eve of the invasion, said Major General Thomas Bostwick, commander of the US Army Corps of Engineers.
Iraq Pipeline Watch
January 11 - 6:30am attack on an oil pipeline that runs to Bayji in the Zegheitoun area, 35 km southwest of Kirkuk. The pipeline had just been brought online on January 9th.
Iraq Pipeline Watch
January 11 - 2:00am rocket attack on a gas pipeline that runs to Bayji near the Fatha production station.
Plan to kill Allawi foiled
The Iraqi Army has foiled a plot to assassinate Iraqi Prime Minister Iyad Allawi. The Islamic Army group planned to assassinate the prime minister with a booby-trapped car in the western Al-Anbar governorate.
 
As reported elsewhere on the ME forum

US Ends Search for Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq

The United States has ended its search for weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, after a fruitless effort of more than a year and a half. Administration officials blame faulty intelligence for their mistaken view of Saddam Hussein's weapons program, and say the invasion that toppled his regime was justified on other grounds anyway.

Officials confirm the news first reported in Wednesday's Washington Post newspaper, that the search for chemical, biological and nuclear weapons in Iraq ended in December. The Post quotes members of the U.S. inspection team as saying they suspended their effort because they were not finding any new information, and because of the continuing danger of working in Iraq.

The head of the team, Charles Duelfer, issued an interim report to the U.S. Congress several months ago, in which he said Iraq possessed none of the dangerous weapons the Bush administration had claimed in justifying the decision to overthrow Saddam Hussein. Other nations, including some major U.S. allies, disputed the U.S. claims and refused to join the coalition that invaded Iraq.

On Wednesday, White House spokesman Scott McClellan confirmed that the major work of Mr. Duelfer's Iraq Survey Group is done, and that no significant new information is expected in his final report, which is due next month.

"At this point, the members of the Iraq Survey Group who are still there in Iraq, obviously if they hear additional reports about anything, they will follow up on those reports,” he said. “But I think Charles Duelfer has made it pretty clear, and it is my understanding, that the comprehensive report he issued last year is essentially the completion of his work."

Mr. McClellan also said President Bush stands by his decision to invade Iraq, saying the removal of Saddam Hussein made the world a safer place, and is contributing to the U.S. effort to spread stability and democracy in the Middle East.

Officials say remaining members of the Iraq Survey Group are now mainly involved in efforts to fight the anti-U.S. insurgency, but are available to deal with weapons issues if any new information emerges. In addition, a team of translators and analysts based in Qatar is working its way through thousands of pages of documents and computer files confiscated from Iraq's former government in search of information on its activities.
 
Some election when you dont even know who is standing! FREEDOM! :rolleyes:

Secrecy surrounds Iraq vote - Concerned about violence, some political parties won't even reveal candidate lists.

BAGHDAD – Secret ballots are the cornerstone of any democratic process. But little more than two weeks before Iraq's first free elections on Jan. 30, the country is finding that secrecy is being taken to new heights.
The identities of many of the candidates haven't been publicly disclosed and are likely to remain secret until after election day, an illustration of the difficulty in mounting an election amid war.

"Not having the candidates' names known is far from ideal for an election, but I think we can all understand the fears over their safety,'' says a foreign election adviser. "Security is a very big issue for all candidates."

Instead of voting for individual candidates in the election to fill the transitional national assembly, Iraqis will select from a list of 111 political parties, each with its own lengthy slate of candidates that can include between 12 and 275 names.

Seats will be allocated to party lists as a proportion of the total national vote, so if all Iraq's estimated 16 million voters part- icipate, a list will get one parliamentary seat for every 58,000 votes it receives. At least 25 percent of the candidates on each list must be women, though there are only a handful of politically prominent women in the country.

Candidates' identities are not the only remaining secret in the election. To help prevent them from being attacked, the location of polling places will not be released until about a week before the election. Party platforms also seem to be kept secret. Campaigning has also been limited, with almost no mass campaign events or rallies. A recent survey indicates that most Iraqi voters are unaware of the party lists' political platforms.
 
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