Yes the 1951 conventions are being interpreted in a right-wing fashion, I can't help you CR if you choose to interpret them in that way. As I see it they are explicit that if there is a future risk of ill-treatment in a country then there is a right to asylum. (There doesn't have to have been any ill-treatment before for it to be valid.)
It's clear: "No contracting state shall expel or return a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where their life or freedom would be threatened on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social or political opinion"
Being a certain category of Syrian, one who arrived later than 2013 for instance or a minority, in Turkey is a place precisely where
freedom would be threatened on account of their race.
There's brutal two-tier society for citizen/old refugee vs new refugee and near total lockdown, zero freedom, for certain groupings from Syria it is absolutely dangerous to stay in Turkey, in part because jihadists are so active/arm-in-arm with Turkish intelligence operatives.
Not only that but Turkey is deporting Syrians back to Syria:
Turkey 'acting illegally' over Syria refugees deportations - BBC News
'Forced us to sign papers'
Two other members of the group arrested in Edirne also made contact.
One, from the Islamic State (IS) stronghold of Raqqa, messaged with the words: "We are out of prison today. They sent us to Syria.
"Bye my friend. Don't write to me until I do please," he wrote, clearly fearful of retribution by IS.
We tracked down the other to southern Turkey, where he said he had returned after being deported to Syria in late November. He showed us the Turkey exit stamp on his passport.
"They drove us to the border and forced us to sign a piece of paper on which was written 'I want to go back to Syria'," he told me.
"They were shouting at us and said they would send us back to Erzurum (detention centre) if we didn't sign.
"I didn't want to go back to Syria. Some of my friends have now been put in prison there, and many people were afraid of returning to a war zone."
Aydin Police Authority Foreigners Branch.
It boils down to this - the Turkish government will deport any Syrian it doesn't like (for ideological reasons or trying to gain rights for Syrians in Turkey) back to Syria. That's not a safe place to deport someone.
Things may change with new arrangements for Syrian refugees but at new years day 2016 only about 7,000 had any right to work.