the button
out on the kocker
Since the 16th century, Europe has had to contend with confessional schisms within its own culture and society
It's interesting, although not entirely surprising (given his take on modernity), that Habermas dates this from the 16th century. All in all, it strikes me as a very "German" take on things (the key role of the Reformation & all that). It's almost like Habermas is constructing a sort of pre-secular monolithic christendom, that moves into secularism through the influence of the Reformation (Weber, anyone? -- as others have observed).
Europe contended with confessional schisms way before the 16th century -- and to an extent was created in and through this contention. I'm thinking about Moorish Spain here, but also about the expulsions of Jews from various European countries at various points in the middle ages. As well as the pre-Reformation movements within christianity such as Albigensianism and the Cathars.
None of this fits with Habermas' historiography, of course, but then Habermas is one of those thinkers who tells us stories about why the period that we're living in is different to other ones, which tends to involve dividing history into nice little epochs.
(My favourite characterisation of the times we live in is Daniel Boyarin's "very late antiquity," but I suspect he was taking the piss ).