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Energy Return on Investment

I doubt that wind will be cheaper than coal generation in South Africa at least until they start paying their miners properly, and / or taxing coal generation based on carbon content / air pollution costs.
This is key, though, isn't it? Properly evaluating costs. There needs to be a whole new way of measuring economic performance based on a full evaluation of the costs of production. But there's no reason we can't do it. 'Growth' is our concept. We can redefine it as we wish. Currently we have a situation in which a country can be experiencing economic growth while the living standards of the majority deteriorate.
 
as do you. Except you've stated as fact that an EROEI figure of 50:1 is necessary - there is zero evidence to support the proposition that 50:1 is some sort of a magic number below which society can not function.
No, I really didn't. If you prefer the longer expression "multiple of renewable" to make it relative rather than absolute, then knock yourself out - it doesn't change or rebut the point. This is merely your device of straining on gnats to avoid having to swallow elephants. My point is simple: the existing system was built using energy sources of energy characteristics which are very different and EROEIs which are very much higher than the energy sources you propose. Your assertion that it might be run on such sources is speculative. Meanwhile, until you familiarise yourself with the substantial body of literature which relates the complexity of society that can be sustained by given multiples of EROEI, your protests lack force.
Really, you're really making that argument? I thought you had more of a clue than that. Electrically powered industrial processes, off the top of my head, would include: Aluminium smelter, steel works, glass manufacturing, virtually all medium to light manufacturing plants, all silicon chip and processor manufacturing plants, pretty much all the processes involved in manufacturing renewable energy products, all automated manufacturing plants, it powers the entire internet and global communications system, it runs the refrigeration that allows the entire global food supply chain to function, powers the milking machines for virtually all milk production, runs the fans and driers for grain production, the vast majority of the tools used in construction, the forklifts, and cranes that operate the container and pallet based supply chain...Basically electricity powers the vast majority of everything other than space heating, some process heat, and most transport (other than trains which are mostly electrically powered), and specialist heavy equipment.

I didn't invite you to list the devices that *can* be powered by electricity. I invited you to contemplate the list of critical processes for which electricity is *not* a substitute. At the point when you are shot in the head, your heart, liver, eyes, pancreas, liver and small intestine are all working perfectly. And yet, in the interdependent system that is your body, you are dead. I'm sorry you wasted so much time typing.

oh joy, are you going to explain to me again how you consider electricity to be a low grade form of energy with the aid of a bath full of luke warm water? lucky me.
Of course not. You don't grasp thermodynamics, and there is a level below which it cannot be simplified. If I try and simplify it even further, you will start your "straining on gnats" comedy routine.

because it was bullshit that I didn't consider worthy of dignifying with a response.
Well the "bullshit" merely drew attention to your peculiar view that a statement about the viability of solar could be made independently of a statement about the viability of the system of which it was the product. I point which, despite a considerable amount of smoke and mirrors, remains unexplained.
 
No, I really didn't.
erm
I'm saying that, because of its complexity, the global industrial manufacturing system requires an energy source of an EROEI > 50 to function (EROEI is a function of complexity) - currently supplied by hydrocarbon. The statement that it can function with lower EROEI energy sources is at best untested and in fact implausible.

Your assertion that it might me run on such sources is speculative
Certainly no more so than your assertion that it can't be.

Meanwhile, until you familiarise yourself with the substantial body of literature which relates the complexity of society that can be sustained by given multiples of EROEI, your protests lack force.
good one, an appeal to the literature always works a treat in such circumstances. Personally though, I'd consider 18 years reading around the literature on the subject from all angles to be sufficient to form a reasonable well balance viewpoint on the subject.

I didn't invite you to list the devices that can be powered by electricity. I invited you to contemplate the list of critical processes for which electricity is not a substitute.
You made the following statement, which I responded to directly.
But the critical manufacturing processes in the global manufacturing system don't run on electricity, and can't run on electricity.
If you meant to pose a different point entirely, then it'd help if you stated that point rather the something else as I'm all out of mind reading powers at the minute.

At the point when you are shot in the head, your heart, liver, eyes, pancreas, liver and small intestine are all working perfectly. And yet, in the interdependent system that is your body, you are dead. I'm sorry you wasted so much time typing.
aaaand again you're making the mistake of assuming that this is an all or nothing situation, which it isn't.

Renewables have the potential to supply the bulk of global energy needs (assuming significant energy efficiency work), the remainder that is incapable of being supplied will be able to be supplied from fossil fuels to the extent that it's actually required for long after we're dead at least.

Of course not. You don't grasp thermodynamics and if I try and simplify it even further, you will start your "straining on gnats" comedy routine.
I beg to differ.


Well the "bullshit" merely drew attention to your peculiar statement that your statement about the viability of solar could be made independently of a statement about the viability of the system of which it was the product. I point which remains unexplained.
nope, merely my observation on what you wrote.
You avoid debate on the endpoint, other than to engage in indirect assumption that, at that point, "something else" is taking up the slack, stating that it is not your responsibility to enquire as to the nature of that "something else".
This right here is bullshit.

The something else for the forseeable future will likely remain oil, gas, coal and nuclear. The greater the penetration of renewables the less of these we'll use up now, the lower the climate change impact, and the longer those fossil fuel resources will remain available to future generations to back up an largely renewables based energy system into the future. The annual production of those fossil fuels & nuclear will be much reduced from it's current position, and the costs will presumably be much high, but they'll remain an option for back up and those few sectors of the economy where renewables aren't able to supply the energy density required.

The other really big potential as yet unexploited sources of energy being thorium MS reactors, which should actually have the potential to be sized sufficiently small to power cargo ships etc, and fusion reactors - which tbh I'm pretty sceptical about, but have to be factored in as being a big potential future power source if the science and engineering is ever perfected.

As I believe I've already spelled out earlier in this thread, hence my call of bullshit for your statement.

Now, if you're actually referring to some point in maybe 1000 years time or something, then yes you're probably right that I'm not entirely sure what the exact make up of the energy mix will need to be by then, but I'd prefer to focus on the here and now, and maybe the next century or 2. I'll leave future generations to work the problem out further as and when it needs solving.
 
Good one, an appeal to the literature always works a treat in such circumstances. Personally though, I'd consider 18 years reading around the literature on the subject from all angles to be sufficient to form a reasonable well balance viewpoint on the subject.
Excellent. The seminal work on civilisational collapse mechanisms is Tainter's theory of diminishing energy returns to increasing complexity as civilisations attempt to solve the inherent problems presented by a given state of complexity by increasing its complexity, eventually exhausting the scarcest critical resource and, from the position of overshoot sustained by that resource, collapsing. From your 18 years of reading and well balanced viewpoint, what are your thoughts on how that can be overcome in a complex system in severe overshoot undergoing rapid, uncontrolled substitution of its primary energy source by one of significantly lower EROEI?

aaaand again you're making the mistake of assuming that this is an all or nothing situation, which it isn't. Renewables have the potential to supply the bulk of global energy needs (assuming significant energy efficiency work), the remainder that is incapable of being supplied will be able to be supplied from fossil fuels to the extent that it's actually required for long after we're dead at least.
I beg to differ. In the period 1994-2004, we spent $2.4 trillion to increase the worldwide rate of oil production by 12 million barrels a day. In the period 2005-20010, we spent $2.4 trillion and the the rate of oil production fell 0.2 million barrels a day. There are no more major discoveries and, because of the pattern of exploitation of the resource base, production from this point will fall like a stone.

This is a rapidly deteriorating situation. We have 7 billion on the planet, of whom at least 3 billion depend on hydrocarbon for food - at our last known point, the sustainable population was 2 billion, and that was before we sterilised most of the productive agricultural spaces and destabilised the climate. The "bulk of our needs" is in food, and renewables doesn't make the slightest contribution to that need.

Your leisurely speculation about what may or may not occur in 1000 years is staggeringly complacent, and betrays your total incomprehension of what is occurring.
 
Excellent. The seminal work on civilisational collapse mechanisms is Tainter's theory of diminishing energy returns to increasing complexity as civilisations attempt to solve the inherent problems presented by a given state of complexity by increasing its complexity, eventually exhausting the scarcest critical resource and, from the position of overshoot sustained by that resource, collapsing. From your 18 years of reading and well balanced viewpoint, what are your thoughts on how that can be overcome in a complex system in severe overshoot undergoing rapid, uncontrolled substitution of its primary energy source by one of significantly lower EROEI?
1 it's a theory
2 IMO it's wrong, and there are other more credible theories that put increased complexity as actually being inherently more stable, and more able to adapt to any given problem that occurs.

As Tainter is an anthropologist, I'll put it in those terms, that there is credible evidence to support the view that the complexity of homo-sapien society in terms of it's trade links across continents was the major cause of homo-sapien's better adaption to the ice age that combined with the pressure from encroaching homo-sapiens resulted in the extinction of neanderthals.

Or as another example, let's compare the fate of say Easter Island after deforestation with the UK after deforestation in around the same period. Easter island didn't diversify it's energy supply, and the society collapsed when the last trees were felled and they had no further sources of energy left. The UK on the other hand developed an increasingly complex industrial economy which facilitated it to support its ongoing growth through diversifying it's energy supply into coal, wind & hydro power.

Also, to be fair to Tainter, although it's a long time since I read it, I have the distinct impression that you've only actually picked up part of what he was saying, and a quick wiki search backs up this point
However, Tainter is not entirely apocalyptic: "When some new input to an economic system is brought on line, whether a technical innovation or an energy subsidy, it will often have the potential at least temporarily to raise marginal productivity" (p. 124). Thus, barring continual conquest of your neighbors (which is always subject to diminishing returns), innovation that increases productivity is – in the long run – the only way out of the dismal science dilemma of declining marginal returns on added investments in complexity.
Actually I thought I'd check the paper out again, and it's really not very good is it?

In the third century A.D. constant crises forced the emperors to double the size of the army and increase both the size and complexity of the government. To pay for this, masses of worthless coins were produced, supplies were commandeered from peasants, and the level of taxation was made even more oppressive (up to two-thirds of the net yield after payment of rent). Inflation devastated the economy.
What on earth do you think this has to do with the current energy situation?

The declining productivity of medicine is due to the fact that the inexpensive diseases and ailments were conquered first
How can anyone take a paper seriously that analyses the decline in productivity of the US health care system without considering that this is actually down to it's privatisation and the vast profits being wrung out of the population by the insurance companies and private health care providers?

Essentially this is a right wing US anti big government polemic dressed up as an academic paper. Why am I not too surprised to find you using it to inform your opinions?
 
I beg to differ. In the period 1994-2004, we spent $2.4 trillion to increase the worldwide rate of oil production by 12 million barrels a day. In the period 2005-20010, we spent $2.4 trillion and the the rate of oil production fell 0.2 million barrels a day. There are no more major discoveries and, because of the pattern of exploitation of the resource base, production from this point will fall like a stone.
you're entirely missing the point. I'm in no way saying that we can continue to extract oil at anything like the current rate, and I'm also not focussing on oil. Actually my point is entirely clear in the post I just made, you just choose not to see it.

We have 7 billion on the planet, of whom at least 3 billion depend on hydrocarbon for food - at our last known point, the sustainable population was 2 billion, and that was before we sterilised most of the productive agricultural spaces and destabilised the climate. The "bulk of our needs" is in food, and renewables doesn't make the slightest contribution to that need.
fucks sake, you really want to drag out that bullshit 2 billion carrying capacity figure again? really?

And no, renewable electricity generation won't directly contribute to growing food as such, but sustainable agricultural methods have repeatedly been shown to be capable of producing long term sustainable yields or yield improvements reasonably comparable with green revolution methods, particularly in the less developed areas of the world.

Your leisurely speculation about what may or may not occur in 1000 years is staggeringly complacent, and betrays your total incomprehension of what is occurring.
really. Do tell. Why should I focus on what's possible in 1000 years time rather than what I can directly influence through my actions now?
 
2 IMO it's wrong, and there are other more credible theories that put increased complexity as actually being inherently more stable, and more able to adapt to any given problem that occurs.

Such as? Credible - in the opinion of whom? You - the solar panel installer?
As Tainter is an anthropologist, I'll put it in those terms, that there is credible evidence to support the view that the complexity of homo-sapien society in terms of it's trade links across continents was the major cause of homo-sapien's better adaption to the ice age that combined with the pressure from encroaching homo-sapiens resulted in the extinction of neanderthals.
Unmitigated bollocks. Really. An attempt to display familiarity with the topic from a quick wiki-search which conveys precisely the opposite impression. A total waste of electrons.
Or as another example, let's compare the fate of say Easter Island after deforestation with the UK after deforestation in around the same period. Easter island didn't diversify it's energy supply, and the society collapsed when the last trees were felled and they had no further sources of energy left. The UK on the other hand developed an increasingly complex industrial economy which facilitated it to support its ongoing growth through diversifying it's energy supply into coal, wind & hydro power.
Yes, lets. But the comparison with the UK is specious and self serving - the UK had (1) trading links and (2) ready access to increasingly dense energy sources, permitting energy diversification. The proper comparison is between Easter Island and the world, which has (1) no trading links to other planets and (2) access only to increasingly diffuse energy sources. Easter Island didn't collapse because it had no sources of energy left - the function of the trees was to provide the material for boats, and the function of the boats was to go fishing to secure protein because agriculture alone couldn't sustain the population that fishing sustained. They were in population overshoot with a society which had reached a level of complexity which its resource base could no longer sustain - just like us. And some fucking idiot chopped down the last tree for a ritual, knowing full well he wouldn't be able to go fishing. Just like some fucking idiots are squandering our last oil reserves building techno-ritual white elephant wind turbines, knowing full well they will stop working the moment we can't get single-point-failure rare earth components from militant and energy starved China. It's an exquisite example of civilisational stupidity, for which I thank you.
I have the distinct impression that you've only actually picked up part of what he was saying, and a quick wiki search backs up this point …
"innovation that increases productivity is – in the long run – the only way out of the dismal science dilemma of declining marginal returns on added investments in complexity"
We know the rate at which renewable energy and efficiency productivity will have to increase in order to offset the declining productivity of our existing energy system - 12% per annum uninvested depletion rate, 6% invested (the uninvested depletion rate, and the Hubbert projection depletion rate, of the global hydrocarbon system under constant economic and technical conditions, noting economic and technical conditions are in relative decline). In reality, it is increasing at a pace which is, at best, an order of magnitude less than that. In what way do you think that I've only picked up part of what he's saying, and that your quotation helps your case?
Actually I thought I'd check the paper out again, and it's really not very good is it?
Umm - no disrespect, but I was referring to "The Collapse of Complex Societies" - I apologise for overestimating your familiarity with the literature, of which this is the seminal work - it seems I took your boasts about the breadth of your research rather too literally. This is undergraduate ecology 101 material.
What on earth do you think this has to do with the current energy situation?
What on earth are you doing selecting random quotations from a body of work which runs to thousands of printed pages, and acting as if I had advanced it?
How can anyone take a paper seriously that analyses the decline in productivity of the US health care system without considering that this is actually down to it's privatisation and the vast profits being wrung out of the population by the insurance companies and private health care providers?
See above.
Essentially this is a right wing US anti big government polemic dressed up as an academic paper. Why am I not too surprised to find you using it to inform your opinions?
Ahh. Selection of a random paper in order to mount the inevitable ad hominem fallacy. How funny - read "Collapse" and you'll discover how foolish and uninformed you sound portraying me as right wing. Fail.
 
Falcon, can you not envisage a functional system with lower eroie than oil? Sure, more resources would need to be devoted to energy production, but I don't see why that couldn't be perfectly manageable.
Yes of course I do. But not one that requires anything other than the most basic technology, constructed from resources that can be obtained locally, and maintained locally, or which requires significant CO2 emission. Which rules out anything which depends on a global industrial manufacturing system, and therefore solar PV, current wind turbine technology and, of course, nuclear.
 
Such as? Credible - in the opinion of whom?
IMO

Unmitigated bollocks. Really. A total waste of electrons.
neanderthal 1.JPG
Neanderthal 2.JPG
(Cooperation in Economy and Society, Robert C. Marshall)
also see
"How trade saved humanity from biological exclusion: an economic theory of Neanderthal extinction" Horan et al 2005

Yes, lets. But the comparison with the UK is specious and self serving - the UK had (1) trading links and (2) ready access to increasingly dense energy sources, permitting energy diversification.
yes, so it was able to become increasingly complex in it's energy sources and industrial nature, whereas Easter Island wasn't.

The island that was able to diversify it's energy supply and develop complex industry thrived, while the island that wasn't didn't.


We know the rate at which renewable energy productivity will have to increase in order to offset the declining productivity of our existing energy system - 12% per annum uninvested depletion rate, 6% invested (the uninvested depletion rate, and the Hubbert projection depletion rate, of the global hydrocarbon system under constant economic and commercial conditions). It is increasing at a pace which is, at best, an order of magnitude less than that.
Renewable Energy Growth Rates (EU)
image_large


But even if your figures were correct, I don't agree the renewables have to actually replace all that lost oil, as you're missing out the impact of efficiency gains and demand destruction from higher prices by just looking at the raw figures.

In fact I'd contend that renewables wouldn't have to replace any oil at all for at least the first 5-15% of production reductions, as this could all easily be accounted for by efficiency gains, substitution and demand destruction without any significant impact on the world economy or infrastructure.

The main factor that's making this into such a problem is the role of oil price speculation in the financial markets, which is largely responsible for the huge swings in price we've seen in the last few years. It's these massive fluctuations in the oil price that do the real damage to the economy, not rising prices, or even reductions in availability as such at the current level of inefficiency in our use of oil.

At the sustained high exponential growth rates of Solar, Wind etc over recent years, by the time oil really does start to reduce to a degree that's really going to have an impact, the size of the global renewables market ought to be (or at least could be) at the sort of level needed to offset the reduction in oil output.


Umm - no disrespect, but I was referring to "The Collapse of Complex Societies" - I apologise for overestimating your familiarity with the literature, of which this is the seminal work - it seems I took your boasts about the breadth of your research rather too literally. This is undergraduate ecology 101 material.
If you want to reference a specific text, then reference it. I'm not about to go rereading the entire book for you, and tend to think that if an author has a valid point to make, then they ought to pick the best examples they can from their book to illustrate the shorter articles they then go on to write on the subject. If you have some better examples you want to post up then be my guest.

What on earth are you doing selecting random quotations from a body of work which runs to thousands of printed pages, and acting as if I had advanced it?
as I say, feel free to quote the specific bits of the work that you feel are most relevant.

Ahh. Selection of a random paper in order to mount the ad hominem. Fail.
am I wrong though?

I'm struggling to see why else someone would leap to that conclusion from a graph of US health care value for money, certainly without explaining why they've investigated and excluded the impact of the private sector profit motive on it.

I suppose it does highlight one point though, where I'd probably be in agreement with him, in that not all complexity is good - complexity such as the beurocracy involved in a privatised health care system with private insurance companies commissioning health care from a myriad of health care providers, requiring layers upon layers of lawyers, accountants and paperwork is obviously not conducive to efficient health care provision.

That doesn't however mean that the complexity of a system that's needed to supply a diverse mix of energy resources must also be a negative factor.
 
Thank you. Readers will make their own minds up.

Thanks also for all the quotations about neanderthals from a completely different source. We are none the wiser.
yes, so it was able to become increasingly complex in it's energy sources and industrial nature, whereas Easter Island wasn't. The island that was able to diversify it's energy supply and develop complex industry thrived, while the island that wasn't didn't.
The UK didn't "diversify" its energy supply. It replaced it with supplies of increasing density and EROEI and, in doing so, specialised first in coal then in oil. The planet is diversifying its energy supply, but replacing them with supplies of *decreasing* density and EROEI.

Do you think you can insert the word "diversify" and imagine you can misdireect our attention from the fact that our situation is precisely the reverse of that which you offer as an example? Do you think we are stupid?

Renewable Energy Growth Rates (EU)
image_large
Yes. Something that goes from "infinitesimal" to "insignificant" has increased in size by 100%. We are interested in replacing the 40 million barrels per day of energy dense oil production capacity that will disappear in the next 7 years.

But even if your figures were correct, I don't agree the renewables have to actually replace all that lost oil, as you're missing out the impact of efficiency gains and demand destruction from higher prices by just looking at the raw figures.
What efficiency gains and demand destruction? 80% of the planet subsists on 20% of your consumption. Imperialist hubris.

am I wrong though?
Are you wrong to infer that my ideas are contaminated by right wing ideology, and therefore capable of being dismissed irrespective of any actual argument I might make, on the basis of a single paper you misidentified?

Absolutely.
 
Are you wrong to infer that my ideas are contaminated by right wing ideology, and therefore capable of being dismissed irrespective of any actual argument I might make, on the basis of a single paper you misidentified?

Absolutely.
That's not the sole basis for me to think you might be more likely swayed to those viewpoints though is it.
 
That's not the sole basis for me to think you might be more likely swayed to those viewpoints though is it.
You have other reasons to believe my views are consistent with right wing US anti big government? Is this your affirmation of the consequent fallacy? "(1) People who are right wing are anti big government (2) Falcon believes big government is unsustainable therefore (3) Falcon is right wing"?

Go for it - really knock yourself out on this one. I can't wait to play fallacy bingo with your thought processes here.
 
We need billions of windmills. Now.
The hell we do.

I'm kind of with James Lovelock on this. I think we either need to embrace nuclear power (and get our fingers out in terms of working towards fusion power), or we need to embrace the oxcarts-and-hoes approach, which probably also means culling around 35 million of the UK population. We just aren't going to be able to keep going the way we are, and sustainables just can't cut it when it comes to providing high-grade power at the level we need it at.

And that's before we start to factor in stuff like oil-based fuels becoming too expensive to run our trains/buses/cars on, and having to move those over to electric power, too...
 
Thanks also for all the quotations about neanderthals from a completely different source. We are none the wiser.
I said there was credible evidence, you responded that this was unmitigated bollocks, I supplied one of many credible sources.

The UK didn't "diversify" its energy supply. It replaced it with supplies of increasing density and EROEI and, in doing so, specialised first in coal then in oil. The planet is diversifying its energy supply, but replacing them with supplies of *decreasing* density and EROEI.
The industrial revolution started with water and wind, prior to coal, which remained important industrial power sources pretty much until electricity took over, but don't let that stop you.

Yes. Something that goes from "infinitesimal" to "insignificant" has increased in size by 100%. We are interested in replacing the 40 million barrels per day of energy dense oil production capacity that will disappear in the next 7 years.
We're now well on course for renewables to be supplying 20% of EU electricity supplies by 2020, probably quite a lot more if the electricity prices rises caused by gas price rises and shortages following the impact of the coal plant closures in the run up to 2016 are as big as I expect them to be, so I dispute that this can still in any way be classed as being insignificant.

IF you were right about that level of reduction in oil availability in the next 7 years, then you might have a point, though IMO renewables would have the best potential to actually ramp up on that sort of timescale if oil supplies actually did start falling off a cliff like that (along with fuel economy and energy efficiency measures)

What efficiency gains and demand destruction? 80% of the planet subsists on 20% of your consumption. Imperialist hubris.
so they can avoid making the mistake of developing their economies into economies that are as oil dependent as ours. eg China turning to the electric bike more than the petrol / diesel car.
Yet the real Chinese electric vehicle story is the strong sales of electric bicycles and scooters, with more than 25 million likely to be sold in 2011. An estimated 120-to-140 million of these marvelous little machines currently whiz silently down bike lanes and roads throughout China. To put this number in perspective, Chinese drivers now own roughly 72 million passenger cars

I'd say it's pretty imperialist of you to assume that the entire rest of the world is going to / wants to adopt a western car based oil dependent economy / society just at the point where looming oil scarcity and high prices is making it obvious how much of a competitive disadvantage this would be for them / is for us.
 
You have other reasons to believe my views are consistent with right wing US anti big government? Is this your affirmation of the consequent fallacy? "(1) People who are right wing are anti big government (2) Falcon believes big government is unsustainable therefore (3) Falcon is right wing"?

Go for it - really knock yourself out on this one. I can't wait to play fallacy bingo with your thought processes here.
you've previously told me that you used to be that way inclined, so that would be the other reason I'd have to suspect you'd be more likely to accept viewpoints that came from a similar basic analyses of the situation.
 
The hell we do.

I'm kind of with James Lovelock on this. I think we either need to embrace nuclear power (and get our fingers out in terms of working towards fusion power), or we need to embrace the oxcarts-and-hoes approach, which probably also means culling around 35 million of the UK population. We just aren't going to be able to keep going the way we are, and sustainables just can't cut it when it comes to providing high-grade power at the level we need it at.

And that's before we start to factor in stuff like oil-based fuels becoming too expensive to run our trains/buses/cars on, and having to move those over to electric power, too...
Have another think about that statement when you consider the fact that there isn't sufficient uranium available globally at anything like the concentrations that makes any real sense to even power another generation of nuclear at the current levels.

Do you really think that culling half the population is a more sensible policy than installing as much renewable electricity generation capacity as possible, and reducing per capita energy requirements as far as possible through energy efficiency measures? I suspect you don't.
 
The industrial revolution started with water and wind, prior to coal, which remained important industrial power sources pretty much until electricity took over, but don't let that stop you.

It won't. Your statement is unrecognisable. You tell me where the diversification is.
jpc45z.png

(source)

We're now well on course for renewables to be supplying 20% of EU electricity supplies by 2020

Renewables supplied 10% of EU energy consumption in 2010 (source). A significant fraction of the remaining 90% is unsubstitutable, and the total figure famously doesn't account for the embodied energy of imports of finished goods. Every kWh of renewable capacity was manufactured using hydrocarbon, in the final period of surplus - long before the proportion gets higher, that capacity will get switched into food production, meaning it will get nowhere near 100%.

Your statistic is inflated, misleading and meaningless.

so they can avoid making the mistake of developing their economies into economies that are as oil dependent as ours. eg China turning to the electric bike more than the petrol / diesel car.
Imperialist hubris. They don't want to "avoid mistaking the mistake of developing their economies etc." They want light bulbs.

I'd say it's pretty imperialist of you to assume that the entire rest of the world is going to / wants to adopt a western car based oil dependent economy / society just at the point where looming oil scarcity and high prices is making it obvious how much of a competitive disadvantage this would be for them / is for us.
Hilarious. The white man knows best, eh? I think they would ram your sanctimonious laptop up your arse for suggesting it.
 
Something I've always wondered. How long would one of those wind generators standing in the sea off Clacton have to run for to generate the power used by the total amount of fossil fuel used to manufacture/transport/erect & to get that windmill up & running. I would have thought that until windmill has 'repaid' the energy used to get it to the stage where it is generating power it cannot be said that it is producing 'green' energy. I guess the same question could be asked about solar farms or even just solar panels on a house roof.

& is this even a relevant question, I'm not really sure?

I,m trying to follow the arguments of the two main proponents on here and starting to realise why the general public has, at best become confused, and at worst, lost interest!
 
I,m trying to follow the arguments of the two main proponents on here and starting to realise why the general public has, at best become confused, and at worst, lost interest!
I find that encouraging. It implies there was some interest in the first place, in which case there is some hope of establishing basic energy literacy, without which the general public is hopelessly at the mercy of propaganda machines of every stripe.
 
It won't. Your statement is unrecognisable. You tell me where the diversification is.
jpc45z.png

(source)
In the 1850’s, an estimated 25-30,000 water wheels were operated in England alone, McGuigan (1978). In Germany 33,500 water wheels with power outputs ranging from 0.75 to 75 kW were licensed as late as 1925, Müller (1939). The water wheels were almost exclusively employed as mechanical power sources driving grist-, powder-, and mineral mills as well as textile and other machinery, mostly in small businesses

Surely you're not actually questioning the impact of hydro-power on the industrial revolution prior to and during the age of steam?
 
Yes of course I do. But not one that requires anything other than the most basic technology, constructed from resources that can be obtained locally, and maintained locally, or which requires significant CO2 emission. Which rules out anything which depends on a global industrial manufacturing system, and therefore solar PV, current wind turbine technology and, of course, nuclear.
Is it wrong, then, to say that a solar panel repays the energy used for its production in two years? I do understand the problems with the global manufacturing system and the need to produce far more locally, but if global manufacturing can produce an eroei of 10:1, why is that not sustainable, assuming we can switch to transport that isn't reliant on oil, or can put aside enough oil for this kind of useful transport?
 
Indeed, renewables in Germany have reduced the cost of wholesale electricity for industrial use during the working day to such an extent that companies running fossil fuel power generators are crying foul. A fine turnup for the books :)
Then why are German companies closing down their plants and moving overseas?
 
Renewables supplied 10% of EU energy consumption in 2010 (source). A significant fraction of the remaining 90% is unsubstitutable, and the total figure famously doesn't account for the embodied energy of imports of finished goods. Every kWh of renewable capacity was manufactured using hydrocarbon, in the final period of surplus - long before the proportion gets higher, that capacity will get switched into food production, meaning it will get nowhere near 100%.

Your statistic is inflated, misleading and meaningless.
Actually, I did get the statistic wrong.

We were actually at 19.9% of total EU electricity consumption from renewables in 2010, and must be more like 23% by now given the massive increases over the last 3 years.

And the EU target is actually for 20% of final energy consumption from all sources to come from renewables by 2020.

So that'd be a bit over half of the proportion of final energy consumption that comes from oil being supplied by renewables by 2020 if that helps put things into perspective.
 
Is it wrong, then, to say that a solar panel repays the energy used for its production in two years? I do understand the problems with the global manufacturing system and the need to produce far more locally, but if global manufacturing can produce an eroei of 10:1, why is that not sustainable, assuming we can switch to transport that isn't reliant on oil, or can put aside enough oil for this kind of useful transport?
increasingly the carbon imperitive will be to produce energy intensive goods where there is the greatest renewable energy supply available.

hence aluminium smelters and internet server farms in areas such as Iceland, Canada etc with high levels of reliable hydo power supplies.

This is already happening to some extent btw.
 
Surely you're not actually questioning the impact of hydro-power on the industrial revolution prior to and during the age of steam?
Of course not. You were trying to suggest that the UK had "diversified" its energy supply, and could therefore do so again, presumably via renewables. In fact, the migration from biomass to hydropower to coal to oil - energy sources of increasing density and EROEI - is intensification, not diversification. We are undergoing the reversal of that process - migration to successively more diffuse energy sources of successively decreasing EROEI.

I was merely pointing out your error, and that you shoot yourself in the foot by drawing attention to the fact that, while there are many examples of complex civilisations that have been forced into attempting this unwinding process, there are no examples of any which have survived the process.
 
Is it wrong, then, to say that a solar panel repays the energy used for its production in two years? I do understand the problems with the global manufacturing system and the need to produce far more locally, but if global manufacturing can produce an eroei of 10:1, why is that not sustainable, assuming we can switch to transport that isn't reliant on oil, or can put aside enough oil for this kind of useful transport?
LBJ I'm loth to open up another front in this thread or argue with you. But it is wrong, and the reason it is wrong is quite simple to understand, if not to rectify.

To establish the energy repayment time for the panel, you have to draw a conceptual boundary around its manufacturing process, and account for all the energy flows in (what it consumes in manufacture) and energy flows out (what it yields in its productive life). The positioning of that boundary is therefore crucial - what's in, and what's out?

It is impossible to make these high tech devices without a vast system we call "the global industrial manufacturing system", and that makes quantifying the flows very difficult. The system comprises thousands of single-points-of-failure, right back to our food system, making it totally pervasive. And mapping energy flows through these millions of pathways is hard.

The conventional measures of EROEI - the ones quoted by Free Spirit - are naive. They draw a box round the bits they see, tot up their figures, and come out with meaningless EROEI numbers like "9" and "15". You will never see an estimate quoted by Free Spirit that allows for the manufacturing energy of the tractor that ploughed the field that made the corn for the bread in the solar panel installer's sandwich. Yet in a system powered by solar, that tractor would have to be manufactured by power produced by the panel.

This is the crucial point: Each technology shunts that energy demand onto everyone else's energy balance sheet to create EROEI numbers which flatter that technology. They are conceptually indistinguishable from the teenager living at home who gets his pocket money and buys his CDs and thinks he is self sufficient, oblivious to the mortgage payments and grocery bills of his parents. The result is the impression that we have a set of technologies that are individually sustainable, and therefore collectively sustainable. They aren't.

Free Spirit's defence is: "Show me the number". Do we need to quantify the actual EROEI? Not really. Even with Free Spirit's naive measure, they are too low, and for a specific reason. The level of complexity a civilisation creates is proportional to the EROEI of the energy source to available to it. When we started building this living arrangement, oil was giving EROEIs of 100 and we have built a very complex civilisation with it - for example, there are 5 billion more of us around now, the majority of whom eat oil. Civilisations fail because the level of complexity they evolve during the period they have access to high EROEI energy sources becomes unsustainable as they are forced to use low EROEI sources.

It is sufficient to observe merely that the wider you draw the energy accounting system boundary around Free Spirit's devices, the lower their EROEI goes, and the boundary goes very, very wide in high tech manufacture. Biofuel is negative even with Free Spirit's naive measures - it releases less energy on combustion than is required for its manufacture (we call a device like that a "battery"). When you add up all the energy costs, high tech solar and wind probably are, too.

While the thermodynamics underpinning this are not easily accessible, this is intuitive and should not surprise us when you strip away the techno-magic. Kids get it quite quickly. Look at a picture of a jet engine. That represents the typical power densities we need to run this living arrangement. Then look out of the window on a typical, grey Northern European summer's day. The energy to build the transducers to concentrate the incredibly diffuse energy on that summer's day into that jet efflux came from hydrocarbon, not the energy from the grey Northern European summer's day. You can't power this kind of society on sunbeams and summer breezes.
 
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