At least 20,000 passengers who could have been infected with a virulent strain of coronavirus were allowed to enter Britain while Boris Johnson delayed imposing a travel ban from India.
The prime minister only added India to the so-called red list on April 23, three weeks after announcing a ban on flights from neighbouring Pakistan and Bangladesh.
A huge surge in cases of the Indian variant threatens to derail the easing of lockdown restrictions.
The government is sticking by plans for the biggest easing of lockdown rules on Monday, which will allow people to socialise indoors in homes, pubs and restaurants. Physical contact between households will be permitted for the first time in more than a year and limited audiences will be allowed back into theatres, music venues and sports stadiums. Foreign travel will also be allowed.
But senior government sources have admitted that they would not be able to say whether the final lifting of lockdown could go ahead on June 21 until “a week before”, leaving many people’s plans for the summer up in the air for another month.
To combat the variant’s spread, people aged over 50 and the clinically vulnerable will have their second doses of a Covid vaccine accelerated — but that is expected to cause delays to vaccinations for younger people.
Those in England aged over 35 will be able to book their vaccinations from Monday. But hopes in government that the threshold might have been reduced this week to 30 have been put on hold.
The rise of the new variant has given rise to tensions in Whitehall about whether the prime minister delayed putting India on the red list because he was hoping to fly to Delhi on April 25 to discuss a post-Brexit trade deal with the Indian prime minister Narendra Modi. Pakistan and Bangladesh were put on the red list on April 2, a measure that came in to force on April 9.
Johnson was forced to cancel the trip on April 19 amid surging infections, the day it was announced that India was being added to the red list — although travellers were given four days to get back to Britain.
Analysis of Civil Aviation Authority air traffic figures indicates an average of 900 people were arriving daily from India during the three-week period — 20,000 between April 2 and April 23.
A source who attended a Whitehall war gaming exercise on the Indian variant on Thursday said: “It’s very clear that we should have closed the border to India earlier and that Boris did not do so because he didn’t want to offend Modi.”
Johnson is facing pressure from scientists to “pause” the lifting of lockdown. At a series of meetings last week government advisers “pushed for a delay in fully opening the pubs of four to five weeks”, one source said.
Scientists at the Joint Biosecurity Centre provided analysis and data to the government which suggested that the conditions had not been met for the northwest of England to move to the next phase of the road map and that the northwest should be excluded from the easing of restrictions or that the roadmap be paused for the whole country.
Minutes of Thursday’s emergency meeting of the Sage committee of scientific advisers reveal that ministers were told progressing with “step three” of unlocking might lead to a “substantial resurgence” of hospitalisations “similar to, or larger than, previous peaks”, which would wreak havoc in the NHS. And if the government also persists in unlocking on June 21, the size of the third wave could double that of January’s peak.
Senior government sources said the modelling presented was “not convincing” and that ministers decided to press ahead because the Indian variant was leading to more cases but not yet to more hospitalisations.
Johnson and his senior ministers contemplated tighter controls in the worse hit areas, with Michael Gove calling for the toughest measures and Rishi Sunak opposed. Johnson and Matt Hancock, the health secretary, agreed on surge vaccination instead.
Ministers are shortly to announce that Heathrow’s Terminal 2 — known as the Queen’s terminal — will be set aside as a “red zone only” landing spot for passengers from the worst hit countries to stop those who have to quarantine from mingling with passengers from green and amber list countries.
Officials are considering adding further countries on the amber list to the red list because of fears that people are exploiting new routes to return from India and avoid paying hefty hotel quarantine fees.
An Oxford University study has confirmed that current vaccines work well against the Indian variant. Early findings from the laboratory study found that both the AstraZeneca and Pfizer jabs significantly diminish the risk of hospital admission and death.
Sir John Bell, Oxford’s emeritus professor of medicine, told Times Radio’s T&G programme: “It looks like the Indian variant will be susceptible to the vaccine in the way that others are. The data looks rather promising. I think the vaccinated population are going to be fine.”
Ministers admit that if it was the South African strain, “the pubs would not be opening” on Monday.
However, Professor Susan Michie of University College London, who sits on Sage, said that the government should suspend Monday’s unlocking. “If we are following data not dates, it is surprising that the road map is going ahead without adjustment,” she said. “Opening indoor hospitality venues has the potential to increase Covid-19 transmission.”
Dr Gabriel Scally, visiting professor of public health at the University of Bristol and a member of Independent Sage, said: “It’s astounding that the government still hasn’t learned one of the key public health lessons, which is that you have to act quickly — you must not hesitate.”
He called for immediate “ring vaccination” in Indian variant hotspots where everyone over the age of 18 would be offered the vaccination.
Questioned why Bangladesh and Pakistan had been added to the red list two weeks ahead of India, the health minister Edward Argar said the decisions were made “on the basis of the evidence”. He added: “It is impossible to completely hermetically seal the borders of the country”.
Nick Thomas-Symonds, the shadow home secretary, said: “The PM has serious questions to answer about suggestions that he delayed adding India to the red list until he decided to cancel a scheduled trade visit to India, and that he did not put the safety of the British people first.”
Layla Moran, chairwoman of the all party parliamentary group on coronavirus, said the delay to banning travel from India would “no doubt come to be seen as a catastrophic error of judgment”.
A government spokesman has pointed out that there are three strains of the virus from India and that the one that has now become dominant was only identified as a concern six days after India was put on the red list — though before that at least one other variant had been thought to be immune to vaccination.
“We have some of the toughest border measures in the world,” the spokesman said. “We took precautionary action to ban travel from India on April 23, six days before this variant was put under investigation and two weeks before it was labelled as of concern. We have since sped up our vaccination programme and put in enhanced local support to curb transmission.”