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working class, what does it mean?

There are specific features of the 'working class', defined by Marx, which lead it to be the revolutionary class. If it is not the 'working class', it is something different, and thus is its potential (and the kind of society it would naturally build) is also different.

Due to capitalism's core structure and mode of working there will always be a working class unless society is destroyed, a counter-revolutionary 'Jacobinist' or religious movement takes social progress backwards or until compelled-labour is abolished through the ultimate perfection of technology. Whilst there is a working-class, that is the group through which Marxists should expect positive change to be forged.
 
If Marx was around today he'd be trying to understand the new ways in which working class experience was being restructed, not trying to make everything fit distinctions drawn up to explain the emergence of industrial class relations.

Spot on.
 
And to further that (wrt my last post), what Marx would have actually done would have been to rationally account the realistic possibility for the class movement in our present situation, and how best to approach the question in an unconventionally capitalist society like Britain's.

Globally there's no qualms. Capitalism's the same as it ever was.
 
There are specific features of the 'working class', defined by Marx, which lead it to be the revolutionary class. If it is not the 'working class', it is something different, and thus is its potential (and the kind of society it would naturally build) is also different.

Due to capitalism's core structure and mode of working there will always be a working class unless society is destroyed...

So "the working class" under capitalism is an unchanging constant - doesn't sound like very historical materialist argument to me. Was the working class of 1848 the same as that in 1968? And both the same as in 2008?

The relation of labour to capital might be a necessary structural feature of capitalism across all of its conjunctures. But that doesn't mean how class is experienced and defined is fixed in place. Doesn't the struggle of the working class include the struggle also to shape its own identity, means of expression and methods of organising?

Oh no, class will always mean the same as it did for Marx, and the question of organisation has been settled in advance by Lenin. No wonder Marx said he was no Marxist :D
 
articul8 said:
So "the working class" under capitalism is an unchanging constant - doesn't sound like very historical materialist argument to me. Was the working class of 1848 the same as that in 1968? And both the same as in 2008?

The relation of labour to capital might be a necessary structural feature of capitalism across all of its conjunctures. But that doesn't mean how class is experienced and defined is fixed in place. Doesn't the struggle of the working class include the struggle also to shape its own identity, means of expression and methods of organising?

a) yes the working class under capitalism is an unchanging constant. How does capitalism exist without a working class? It doesn't. The only difference between the working classes of the 1800s and today (excluding cultural features) is that today the working-class is global. The capitalists are still as dependant on them (and in their relations to production) as they ever were.

b) wrt shaping its own identity, yes, within the confines of its economic structure. An understanding of class which expands beyond the realms of actual economic class is unsophisticated - we should work to remedy it. Means of expression - methods of organising - how does that change anything I say?

I am (in fact) one of the most modernising and enterprising Marxist-socialists I know in terms of thinking about new ways to organise and appeal to the working-classes and build the workers' movement. I hold no moral or romantic visions of glorious movements past, nor do I cling to dated tactics. I'm brutal in my rejection of them, in fact, and it brings me up a cropper with other socialists in many situations. What have to be recognised, though, are the constants around which any movement serious about building socialism must be built. There's no use calling yourself a socialist then pissing about with tactics not based around building a workers' society but rather around trying to collate the mish-mash of 'cultural' associations by which people operate with eachother today, to create something which looks abit like a workers' movement (but has none of the potential).
 
a) yes the working class under capitalism is an unchanging constant.

The only difference between the working classes of the 1800s and today (excluding cultural features) is that today the working-class is global.
An understanding of class which expands beyond the realms of actual economic class is unsophisticated

I am (in fact) one of the most modernising and enterprising Marxist-socialists I know

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Sorry m8 maybe whilst I die laughing you might want to have a think
 
I don't see what's so funny, I'm blatantly right. But whilst you're at the whole 'dying thang', please make it quick. I seriously cba explaining simple concepts to intellectual peons much longer.
 
Your argument is ridiculous in the conext of a discussion of class in Britain.

But, assuming you have a serious argument, and that your claim is the that global economy has reproduced conditions of workers expoitation analogous to that of the British workign class in the 19th C, ($only now in China, India, Latin America etc), then the logical conclusion would be that the since the industrial workforce in Britain has been restructured into non-prole type jobs it is wholly marginal to the new global workers' vanguard.

If not, then how are they changed conditions of w/c experience here to impact on the political strategy of revolutionaries?
 
So your argument is that there has been no significant change to the composition of the working class in Britain since the emergence of capitalism?
 
I do not think you are -
Look again at this sentence:
Your angle on all this is different from most of the other folk here Aldebaran. You re trying to argue this is a false and artificial definition of different groups in this society that i am creating.
Instead of appreciating my explanatiohn for your misunderstanding, you take a rather mysteriously hostile, if not arrogant position.
I don't “ignore” anything. I give my view. I do not have any mistaken preconceptions about Marxism or what it represents. I do not agree with the idea that his work and vision can be applied to current situations. That has absolutely nothing to do with my religion. I note however that this is the second time you refer to my religion as if for you it is a given that would play any role in what I write on this issue.
Why is that?
Next you invent a linkage between my views and “nationlism”, “racism”,”slavery”,”enforced covering of women”
Excuse me?
Do we discuss “class” or was it from the start your intention to push somle strange own agenda here? If that is the case there is no point – nor any interest from me - in discussing any further.
Like I said, Marx was not the first and not the last. (In fact it was a Muslim, ibn Rushd, who first described inequities in societies and linked them to poverty and poverty to them. There is reason why he is considered to be the first sociologue ever) Why would I feel “uncomfortable” about anything?
Next you try to make it sound as if I bring “Western bias” into it. What on earth are you talking about (again)? Of course I used the word Western because obviously Marx lived in a Western society and obviously the dynamics of Western societies were and still are very different from others and no, Western frames, patterns, ideas are can not automatically be transferred and applied elswhere.
the boss steals by only paying you a percentage of your labour value back to you. this is called profit (ie once material costs have been taken out). This is specific to the class relations of capitalist society
Thank you so much for Lesson -100 in Basic Economy but you are wrong. It is not specific for class relations of capitalist society, it is how economy functiones everywhere and always functioned everywhere. What you don't want to understand is that in order to invest, profit first must be made.
where did that investor's wealth come from in the first place. as you said earlier - 'more carefully read human history'. when did that investor's wealth belong to that 'investor'? is this a natural thing or is this something that is the result of imposition?
Again you state that nobody can own anything, but still there must be jobs because you want to earn from it.
it is common for 'investors' to underinvest I see not problem in workers pointing this out - this does not make a marxist explaination of the underlying reasons why the nature of private property leaves the investor's workforce - thier lives, families and futures - dictated to by the whims of capitalist contradictions any less relevant. The questions that arises is - do that workforce need to live with these contradictions? You assumption seems to be that they should be grateful to these 'investors' - so how did humanity survive prior to the arrival of these 'investors'? or are you going to tell me this has always been so?
For any economy - even a very basic one - to be able to come into existence, investment is needed. There were always investors, there was always capital, be it expressed in money, land, tools, whatever needed for any specific industry.
The parasitical relationship for me is that it is the vast majority that CREATE THE WEALTH - not those investors - so it is the investors who are surplus to requirements
The vast majority does not “create” the wealth, it must exist - in whatever form - before they can come into play. The “vast majority” contributes with their work and skills to expand it and in return they can profit from it too.
There is a reason why marxists talk about class and it honestly was not drawn out of a hat or decided in advance by reading some book written in the middle ages...
I imagine this would reflect your own utopian religious ideology - where you tend to try and make reality fit the words from a book written in the middle ages.
There is a reason why I say that “class” is an artificial division and why I say that the ideas of Marx, utopist they were but nevertheless of great value and insight in his time and age, are not tranferable onto to contemporan, modern Western societies.
There must obviously also be a reason you again resort to tearing my religion into it (and in a manner that is utterly ridiculous in its childishnes, at that)
Far from believing that 'everybody is the same' as you try to imply
Again that was your post I replied to
I want a classless society - it does not mean i think people should stop producing ('working') - I just don't think people need to be defined by their work alone, I want equality -
Please try to remember what you wrote.
- marxists point out that class society destroys individual development and achievement. The truly 'individual' individual is held back by class society
Of course. Reason why it is long overdue to get rid of it.
No YOU are the one who simply does not question what that poverty and deprivation is a result of. Or are you accepting that the non-western world was unable to develop economically due to a lack of raw materials, knowledge or 'investors'?? If so - weird for someone who tries the old 'looking through western eyes' excuse early on in his 'expose' of the 'limits' of the idea of class.
I said there are a lot of intertwined factors that hold societies back and in fact, I do not favour the development Capitalist Consumerism anywhere. It is a system doomed to implode on its own failures since the very beginning. By the way (just to make you choke in your prejudices) I am as much European as I am Middle Eastern. To picture it for your blinded eyes: My father abducted the White Woman from her homeland to put her in his harem. Covered and all.

I have an excellent study for you, it is even written in English:
Alan Richards and John Waterbury “A political Economy of the Middle East.” Second edition 1998 (with some table contents updated 2005) Westview press, Boulder Colorado/Oxford. ISBN 0-8133-2411-4. Best study I ever read.
I think that people being underfed, starving, working in intolerable conditions etc etc are concrete indicators of class inequality.
Just as much as they are linked to all other factors. By the way, are you sure you never buy import from so called “low wages” countries? Do you buy “normal” food or exclusively “fair trade” label, and do you know how “fair” that is in reality.
I am fully aware of the 'relative' wealth of the western working class. Marxist explainations can give better reasons why this is than any middle ages religious tome (I keep coming back to this in the hope you will react to the point and in so doing be more honest as too your real opposition to a marxist idea of class).
Yes, you keep coming back to this an in fact, I have enough of it.
Bye. Try again when you actually can debate the issue at hand instead of trying to forcibly implement a strange own agenda.

salaam.
 
So your argument is that there has been no significant change to the composition of the working class in Britain since the emergence of capitalism?

No, just that the definition of the working class and said working classes relationship to both the means of production and the fruits of their labour haven't changed.
 
Instead of appreciating my explanatiohn for your misunderstanding, you take a rather mysteriously hostile, if not arrogant position.
I don't “ignore” anything. I give my view. I do not have any mistaken preconceptions about Marxism or what it represents. I do not agree with the idea that his work and vision can be applied to current situations. That has absolutely nothing to do with my religion. I note however that this is the second time you refer to my religion as if for you it is a given that would play any role in what I write on this issue.

I am sorry if you consider my views arrogant. I imagine that folk would say the same of you.

I think you do have very mistaken views of marxism for all of your protestations - you outlined some of your assumptions/preconceptions very clearly in both the post I was replying to and have continued to in your reply to my comments.

Why do i want to bring out your religious bias? - two reasons - a)You may assume that everyone else is aware of this - I don't think other reading this thread will necessarily be and b) I think that religious bias has a strong influence in your hostility to marxist ideas and ideas of class


Next you invent a linkage between my views and “nationlism”, “racism”,”slavery”,”enforced covering of women”
Excuse me?

As you keep saying - read what I actually said. I said "in that sense..." (it is an important qualifier in the sentence)

I am sorry if you feel I am therefore accusing you of being guilty of any such personally. I do think that it is acceptable to point out the use of ideas to legitimise pre-existing conditions is something and the examples I have given are obvious to most enlightened people - "god is on our side" and all that. You don't seem to like the opinion I hold that your religious ideas - similarly - to the obvious one's that most of us here would agree on are equally an example of ideas used to legitimise conditions.


Do we discuss “class” or was it from the start your intention to push somle strange own agenda here? If that is the case there is no point – nor any interest from me - in discussing any further.

ohh well tara...


Like I said, Marx was not the first and not the last. (In fact it was a Muslim, ibn Rushd, who first described inequities in societies and linked them to poverty and poverty to them. There is reason why he is considered to be the first sociologue ever) Why would I feel “uncomfortable” about anything?

I don't consider marx to be original in all matters - I don't consider that to be a problem. His originality was in pulling together various stands of thought.
Neither do I consider his religious or non-religious background to be of much relevance (beyond the possibility of his personal experiences shaping his abiity to 'think outside of the box' to and extent). But you seem to see some need in pointing out Ibn Rushid's religious background?

I don't for one second question the role of islamic scholars for dragging thought out of the middle ages in Europe for instance - philisophy, medicine etc etc etc. But what has that got to do with the price of fish? Neither would I question the fact that muslim as much as non-muslim thinkers have tried to deal with the issue of class or iniquities or poverty - do you feel i should be surprised?


Next you try to make it sound as if I bring “Western bias” into it. What on earth are you talking about (again)? Of course I used the word Western because obviously Marx lived in a Western society and obviously the dynamics of Western societies were and still are very different from others and no, Western frames, patterns, ideas are can not automatically be transferred and applied elswhere.

You condemn me for pointing your direct words back to you? You then go and repeat your accusations in the following sentence. I replied to your original attempt to show this 'western bias' instead you throw your toys out of the pram (apparently I don't have the right or priviledge to disagree with you euro/middle east insight!!??? - I mean that bit tongue in cheek :)

Lets try this - how about me arguing that the ideas held in a hundreds year old book that you still claim to have faith in cannot be applied to the dynamics of ANY modern society, let alone a 'western' one? I think this would have more validity as a point worth making (although I should add I would be the first to say one cannot artificially transfer marx's ideas without reflecting local and time based conditions and changes - I just don't think one can simply write off the relevance of key elements of marx's writings to the 'rest of the world' as easily as you tried to in your first somewhat dismissive post)

Thank you so much for Lesson -100 in Basic Economy but you are wrong. It is not specific for class relations of capitalist society, it is how economy functiones everywhere and always functioned everywhere. What you don't want to understand is that in order to invest, profit first must be made.

has it? always? - actually quite a recent invention in my book. But while my idea of 'class' is apparently 'something in my head' - your learned idea of 'profit' is a 'natural', a 'given' and has 'always been' :)

Again you state that nobody can own anything, but still there must be jobs because you want to earn from it.

Can we cover the other point first (the one below) - your mystification of 'wealth' - the mystification of 'ownership' and how this somehow 'creates jobs' we can cover later. If you are genuinely interested that is?I think a clarification on the wealth thing will assist in being able to better look at the ownership thing

For any economy - even a very basic one - to be able to come into existence, investment is needed. There were always investors, there was always capital, be it expressed in money, land, tools, whatever needed for any specific industry.

And again, (ps back to your point own original and slightly arrogant suggestion: 'read more about history' - there has not always been 'capital', there has not always been 'investors' so how has society developed in the meantime? etc etc)

The vast majority does not “create” the wealth, it must exist - in whatever form - before they can come into play. The “vast majority” contributes with their work and skills to expand it and in return they can profit from it too.

'wealth already exists'?? - please can you expand on this idea and show me how and why it 'comes into play' ?

maybe if we leave any continued discussion to you answering this assumption on your part (as i see it...) then you will begin to see why I do not think you understand the theory you are so opposed to despite you protestations to the opposite. We can then go through he other following assumptions you go on to state. (ie lets try and deal with this one chunk at a time

I do not favour the development Capitalist Consumerism anywhere.

neither do i

It is a system doomed to implode on its own failures since the very beginning. By the way (just to make you choke in your prejudices) I am as much European as I am Middle Eastern. To picture it for your blinded eyes: My father abducted the White Woman from her homeland to put her in his harem. Covered and all.

why do you think i would have a problem considering you 'as much european' as 'middle eastern'?? The blinded presumptions are entirely yours - you would be the one telling me I could not understand you becasue of my 'western bias' earlier - a mass of contradictions??

I have an excellent study for you, it is even written in English:
Alan Richards and John Waterbury “A political Economy of the Middle East.” Second edition 1998 (with some table contents updated 2005) Westview press, Boulder Colorado/Oxford. ISBN 0-8133-2411-4. Best study I ever read.

I imagine there are better....

Just as much as they are linked to all other factors. By the way, are you sure you never buy import from so called “low wages” countries? Do you buy “normal” food or exclusively “fair trade” label, and do you know how “fair” that is in reality.

I live in the same world as you do

Yes, you keep coming back to this an in fact, I have enough of it.
Bye. Try again when you actually can debate the issue at hand instead of trying to forcibly implement a strange own agenda.

I explained fully my reasoning above - it is you who is trying to impose a 'strange' agenda mate. And a very sensitive side I am sure :)

ps I don't think you are 'mad' or a 'fascist' - so try and get off of your victim platform it does not assist you - I get the impression you are capable of understanding another's viewpoint but you are not helping yourself if you think you know what that other viewpoint is in advance. I honestly don't claim to know your's - i am fishing around to find out what you think. So far you seem to be an apologist for capitalism dressed up as some sort of inevitable state of being
 
See, to me, plumbers are working class, but teachers are not, even though teachers probably earn a lot less.

Some plumbers are broadly working class - those working for large corporate bodies, etcetera. The caveat just comes down to the 'self-employed' aspect - even if a self-employed plumber actually gets paid less...

Though with plumbing these days that's not really too much of a worry.
 
There is no "religious bias" anywhere in my posts, they only exist in your prejudiced imagination. Religion has nothing to do with my views on this issue and "hostility" to Marxist ideas is not present in them either.
I simply state - again - that although Marx is interesting to apply his ideas and conclusions to todays societies can not be done.

You are lost in your own illusions, fed by your all too obvious (and uninformed) prejudice. May I remind you of the simple fact that you are the one who wants to bring religious background into play.
Ibn Rushd being Muslim or not has nothing to do with the value of his work, yet it happened to be that he lived within Islamic society which inevitably could not be secular, having secular dynamics. In fact, one of his main arguments was that societies who block half of the population (women) from participating in intellectual, economic and social life was bound to encourage poverty.

You actually believe that investment is something recent and "working clas" is something equally recent and that for the thousands of years of recorded human history, nobody invested in anything and nobody worked in the service of anyone and nobody made profit as natural consequence of these interactions.
Wealth exists since the moment one human had something the other had not and could use it to his advantage. Please do not hesitate to explain in full detail how in societies human interaction did not require any investment because everyone always had everything and nobody worked for anyone.

Unless written last year there is no better study than the one I recommended. It has a reason why this work is used as additional course document at universities. In one case even as main course document for introduction to the dynamics of MENA economies. But please do not hesitate to write a study yourself if you are that well informed that you know more than I do.
You bias is that ridiculously palpable at this point that it becomes laughable.

salaam.
 
I simply state - again - that although Marx is interesting to apply his ideas and conclusions to todays societies can not be done.

You are lost in your own illusions, fed by your all too obvious (and uninformed) prejudice. May I remind you of the simple fact that you are the one who wants to bring religious background into play.
Ibn Rushd being Muslim or not has nothing to do with the value of his work, yet it happened to be that he lived within Islamic society which inevitably could not be secular, having secular dynamics. In fact, one of his main arguments was that societies who block half of the population (women) from participating in intellectual, economic and social life was bound to encourage poverty.

You actually believe that investment is something recent and "working clas" is something equally recent and that for the thousands of years of recorded human history, nobody invested in anything and nobody worked in the service of anyone and nobody made profit as natural consequence of these interactions.
Wealth exists since the moment one human had something the other had not and could use it to his advantage. Please do not hesitate to explain in full detail how in societies human interaction did not require any investment because everyone always had everything and nobody worked for anyone.

Unless written last year there is no better study than the one I recommended. It has a reason why this work is used as additional course document at universities. In one case even as main course document for introduction to the dynamics of MENA economies. But please do not hesitate to write a study yourself if you are that well informed that you know more than I do.
You bias is that ridiculously palpable at this point that it becomes laughable.

salaam.

So Aldebaron - you can write off marx in the sweeping manner you do but i cannot write off ancient religious texts with much less relevance to modern society?

So one can only bring in someone's superstitions and illusions - given that person they were replying too was happy to talk about the illusions of others - when YOU decide it is OK?

Did I knock your mate Rushd? - I certainly did not bring his religion into the equation. Why did you decide you had to introduce him (let alone introduce him as a muslim)?

I don't claim to be that 'well-informed' - you were the one claiming to know better from the beginning. Clearly I have pissed you off because I don't think you know as much as you think you do.

Your bias is equally palpable.

I would be happy to answer your questions when you bother to answer some of the points i made.
 
Do you think it is an 'illusion' to talk about class in these situations (given the supposed western bias and lack of relevance of such ideas in the non-western world - which was the impression I got from your points):

Egypt - May 2008: Protests mark President Mubarak’s birthday: Mass working class action shows way to end authoritarian rule and poverty
http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2008/05/14egypta.html

Lebanon - May 2008: Pro-Western government militias routed by Hezbollah-led opposition: New balance of forces in Lebanon – US imperialism threatens intervention
http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2008/05/14lebana.html

Lebanon - May 2008: General strike in Lebanon exploited by government and opposition forces: Sectarian street clashes and militias road blocks
http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2008/05/08lebana.html

Kashmir - May 2008: Protests and rallies mark May Day in Srinagar and Jammu (Indian Occupied Kashmir)
http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2008/05/06kashmb.html

Egypt - May2008: Textile strike shows the way forward for Middle East workers
http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2008/05/03egypta.html
 
No. You completely (probably willfully) misunderstood all what I wrote in this thread. The only hope is that you go back and read again without the blindfolds of prejudice.

salaam.
 
The middle-classes shouldn't expect to gain anything from the workers' movement, apart from the self-emancipation of the working classes.
How many working classes are there? In fact, how many middle classes are there too? I always thought that there was just one working class -- those obliged to work for a wage or a salary for a living -- and that most of the so-called "middle class" were part of it and that those who call themselves "middle class" are just snobbish members of the working class.
 
No. You completely (probably willfully) misunderstood all what I wrote in this thread. The only hope is that you go back and read again without the blindfolds of prejudice.

salaam.

not really 'willfully' if i have misunderstood you - I will come back to you when i get a bit more time. start again from the beginning if you wish. lets see how your own 'blindfolds' appear when i go through some basics to explain (rather than just saying you are mistaken as shorthand)
 
How many working classes are there? In fact, how many middle classes are there too? I always thought that there was just one working class -- those obliged to work for a wage or a salary for a living -- and that most of the so-called "middle class" were part of it and that those who call themselves "middle class" are just snobbish members of the working class.

It depends if you're a Marxist - the point I've been making through this thread is that a Marxist analysis of class is completely related to your relationship to the means of production and distribution, whether or not your surplus labour is extracted for profit and whether or not you're employed to keep others in their places.

'Middle-class' isn't really a Marxist turn of phrase, and incorporates management/policing classes as well as those who own their own businesses. The working classes are any form of subcontracted labour who are employed to do a job, the difference between them and a 'professional' often being (as displayed in this thread) their relationship to their task and the means of their production.
 
How many working classes are there? In fact, how many middle classes are there too? I always thought that there was just one working class -- those obliged to work for a wage or a salary for a living -- and that most of the so-called "middle class" were part of it and that those who call themselves "middle class" are just snobbish members of the working class.
^^This.

The thing about capitalism is that it shoots itself in the foot a lot. The "middle" class has been getting squeezed for a while now and they'll take a big hit in the recession. The top 1% accumulate nearly all the wealth and pay the next 20% just enough to keep them happy whilst sustaining the fiction (and even some of that 20% may be worse off now even after a period of sustained economic growth). Everyone else is getting more and more squeezed. I'm not predicting revolution or owt :)D), but I think those class interests are a lot closer than is often assumed.

This is US data, but trends in income inequality are very similar in the UK (and I think actually slightly worse overall than the US last time I saw a comparison). Obviously, I'm using this plot because it makes my point beautifully and am completely unable to vouch for the veracity of the source data or the methods used.

income_inequality_2007_2.jpg
 
Just to save you time: You don't need to "explain" Marx to me. I did my share of social studies.

salaam.

i do not intend to - i will answer each of your points about what you consider wrong or illiogical etc etc with marxist analysis from the very beginning of your intervention on this thread.

point by point

hopefully this will also bring out the limits of 'social studies'
 
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