wemakeyousoundb
hopefully not gimboid
potential massive derail so I replied in the idiot's own threadI don’t agree at all. I think he is a real idiot
Possible vaccines/treatment(s) for Coronavirus
- Thread starter cupid_stunt
- Start date
2hats
Dust.
Moderna have greenlit an omicron/B.1.1.529 vaccine candidate, mRNA-1273.529. They expect to have it ready for clinical testing within 60-90 days.
Novavax have also already started work on an omicron targeted version of their vaccine and expect to have that ready for testing and potential manufacture within a few weeks.
www.reuters.com
Novavax have also already started work on an omicron targeted version of their vaccine and expect to have that ready for testing and potential manufacture within a few weeks.
Novavax developing vaccine that targets new COVID-19 variant
Novavax Inc said on Friday it had started working on a version of its COVID-19 vaccine to target the variant detected in South Africa and would have the shot ready for testing and manufacturing in the next few weeks.
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cupid_stunt
Merry fecking Christmas.
Pfizer too.
news.sky.com
COVID-19: New vaccines 'ready in 100 days' if Omicron variant is resistant to current jabs, Pfizer says
Novavax added it has already started creating a COVID-19 vaccine based on the known genetic sequence of B.1.1.529 "and will have it ready to begin testing and manufacturing within the next few weeks".
2hats
Dust.
Further steps towards correlates of protection (against infection), here a published study from Fred Hutch/Duke/Emory/Moderna/others for mRNA-1273.
From a sample of standard two-dose regimen individuals vaccine efficacies for given neutralisation titres were determined (note not third-dose boosted, which as previous work (eg Crotty et al) has indicated, looks like it generates a better quality of response).
Post-vaccination 50% neutralisation titres 10, 100, and 1000 had corresponding estimated vaccine efficacies of 78% (95%CI:54-89), 91% (95%CI:87-94), and 96% (95%CI:94-98). (Important note: neutralising antibodies, not binding antibodies).
These results are useful for performing immunogenic comparisons (immunobridging studies) between vaccines (particularly now that placebo controlled trials are unethical and/or there is insufficient sustained prevalence to conduct timely trials), rather than determining individual immunity/vaccination need (since they don't factor in individual medical history, risk, or cellular immunity response). The authors point out that a similar approach is regularly used for determining Influenza vaccine efficacy and selecting them for a given strain in a given season.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3425.
From a sample of standard two-dose regimen individuals vaccine efficacies for given neutralisation titres were determined (note not third-dose boosted, which as previous work (eg Crotty et al) has indicated, looks like it generates a better quality of response).
Post-vaccination 50% neutralisation titres 10, 100, and 1000 had corresponding estimated vaccine efficacies of 78% (95%CI:54-89), 91% (95%CI:87-94), and 96% (95%CI:94-98). (Important note: neutralising antibodies, not binding antibodies).
These results are useful for performing immunogenic comparisons (immunobridging studies) between vaccines (particularly now that placebo controlled trials are unethical and/or there is insufficient sustained prevalence to conduct timely trials), rather than determining individual immunity/vaccination need (since they don't factor in individual medical history, risk, or cellular immunity response). The authors point out that a similar approach is regularly used for determining Influenza vaccine efficacy and selecting them for a given strain in a given season.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3425.
TL;DR said:
8ball
Merr xmas...
Moderna have greenlit an omicron/B.1.1.529 vaccine candidate, mRNA-1273.529. They expect to have it ready for clinical testing within 60-90 days.
Novavax have also already started work on an omicron targeted version of their vaccine and expect to have that ready for testing and potential manufacture within a few weeks.
Novavax developing vaccine that targets new COVID-19 variant
Novavax Inc said on Friday it had started working on a version of its COVID-19 vaccine to target the variant detected in South Africa and would have the shot ready for testing and manufacturing in the next few weeks.
Ah, lovely. That will be a “we have a couple of new projects with super-aggressive timelines” email on Monday morning, them…
<not complaining
>
2hats
Dust.
From the Netherlands (RIVM) a study of variation in post-vaccination infection risk by variant of concern.
Risk of infection was determined from analysis of 28+K sequenced samples collected March-August 2021 from individuals with known immune status:
Note the sizeable confidence intervals.
The infection-mediated versus vaccine-mediated odds ratios might suggest there are some protective immune responses to other epitopes (eg nucleocapsid, membrane, indeed other expressions of spike) and underscore maturation timing.
DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.24.21266735.
Risk of infection was determined from analysis of 28+K sequenced samples collected March-August 2021 from individuals with known immune status:
Note the sizeable confidence intervals.
The infection-mediated versus vaccine-mediated odds ratios might suggest there are some protective immune responses to other epitopes (eg nucleocapsid, membrane, indeed other expressions of spike) and underscore maturation timing.
DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.24.21266735.
TL;DR said:
2hats
Dust.
However the Moderna CEO thinks it will take "months" to start shipping a new variant vaccine.
COVID-19 vaccine makers start work on Omicron-tailored shots
BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson are working on vaccines that specifically target Omicron in case their existing shots are not effective against the new coronavirus variant, the companies said on Monday.
8ball
Merr xmas...
However the Moderna CEO thinks it will take "months" to start shipping a new variant vaccine.
COVID-19 vaccine makers start work on Omicron-tailored shots
BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson are working on vaccines that specifically target Omicron in case their existing shots are not effective against the new coronavirus variant, the companies said on Monday.
Yep, scaling up always takes a while. They're gonna need a lot of the stuff.
It will def come out fast enough for the anti-vaxxers to go ape shit about it being "completely untested", though.
wemakeyousoundb
hopefully not gimboid
pre-experimental is the word on the street
8ball
Merr xmas...
Bloody hipsters!
2hats
Dust.
From Germany (Erlangen and others), a study that (again) points to intranasal boosters, particularly as part of a mixed vaccination series, as potentially being the way forward.
Here a heterologous mRNA prime (actually low-dose BNT162b2) followed by an intranasal (Ad5) viral-vector boost in an animal model was found to promote very high levels of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA protection. Likely this upper respiratory tract tissue immunity will greatly reduce the chances of infection and thus development of disease. It will also probably significantly reduce transmission too.
The regimen also induced high levels of lung-resident memory T cells and IgG antibodies, with broad neutralisation to a range of VOCs.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27063-4.
Here a heterologous mRNA prime (actually low-dose BNT162b2) followed by an intranasal (Ad5) viral-vector boost in an animal model was found to promote very high levels of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA protection. Likely this upper respiratory tract tissue immunity will greatly reduce the chances of infection and thus development of disease. It will also probably significantly reduce transmission too.
The regimen also induced high levels of lung-resident memory T cells and IgG antibodies, with broad neutralisation to a range of VOCs.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27063-4.
2hats
Dust.
Under-dosing mutagenic antivirals, such as molnupiravir (for example - due to missed doses, incomplete courses, or low initial drug penetrance at the site of action), may lead to sublethal mutagenesis and so accelerate within-host evolution of the virus, potentiating new variants of concern that enhance transmissibility or immune escape.
Details: 'Mutagenic antivirals: the evolutionary risk of low doses'
See also:
www.cnbc.com
Details: 'Mutagenic antivirals: the evolutionary risk of low doses'
See also:
FDA advisory panel narrowly endorses Merck's oral Covid treatment pill, despite reduced efficacy and safety questions
The FDA's Antimicrobial Drugs Advisory Committee voted 13 to 10 to recommend emergency authorization of molnupiravir, an oral antiviral drug to fight Covid.
elbows
Well-Known Member
I wonder if thats what Whitty was referring to when he said on Saturday that they needed to review how they would use those drugs. And then of course Javid used such drugs as part of his 'reassuring' lets not shield the vulnerable comments in yesterdays press conference.
2hats
Dust.
More commentary on this and thoughts on the limitations of use (ie prescribe only to high risk patients and mitigate risk for female patients who might be pregnant).Under-dosing mutagenic antivirals, such as molnupiravir (for example - due to missed doses, incomplete courses, or low initial drug penetrance at the site of action), may lead to sublethal mutagenesis and so accelerate within-host evolution of the virus, potentiating new variants of concern that enhance transmissibility or immune escape.
Details: 'Mutagenic antivirals: the evolutionary risk of low doses'
See also:
FDA advisory panel narrowly endorses Merck's oral Covid treatment pill, despite reduced efficacy and safety questions
The FDA's Antimicrobial Drugs Advisory Committee voted 13 to 10 to recommend emergency authorization of molnupiravir, an oral antiviral drug to fight Covid.
Rethinking Molnupiravir
2hats
Dust.
Novavax Statement on Omicron Variant Response | Novavax
We are a biotechnology company committed to addressing serious infectious diseases globally through the discovery and development of innovative vaccines.
ir.novavax.com
Meanwhile EMA rolling review of Valneva's inactivated whole virus vaccine, VLA2001, begins.
2hats
Dust.
Phase 2 trial COV-BOOST results for mixing third dose boosters have been published. Individuals who had had the standard two-dose regimens of either AstraZeneca AZD1222 or Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 were third dose boosted with one of Novavax NVX-CoV2373, Valneva VLA2001, J&J/Janssen Ad26.COV2.S, Moderna mRNA1273 or CureVac CVnCov, at 10-12 weeks after dose 2 (<<6 months).
All vaccine boosters raised antibody and neutralising immune responses in original two-dose AZD1222 recipients. All vaccine boosters except VLA2001 raised antibody and neutralising immune responses in original two-dose BNT162b2 recipients. NVX-CoV2373 appeared to induce a T cell response comparable to that of BNT162b2. Unfortunately immunogenicity data are only available for up to one month after dose 3, so far.
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02717-3.
Summary thread from the study lead.
www.reuters.com
It would be interesting to re-examine the neutralising activity of sera from these individuals after 3 and 6 months.
All vaccine boosters raised antibody and neutralising immune responses in original two-dose AZD1222 recipients. All vaccine boosters except VLA2001 raised antibody and neutralising immune responses in original two-dose BNT162b2 recipients. NVX-CoV2373 appeared to induce a T cell response comparable to that of BNT162b2. Unfortunately immunogenicity data are only available for up to one month after dose 3, so far.
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02717-3.
Summary thread from the study lead.
UK study finds mRNA COVID-19 vaccines provide biggest booster impact
COVID-19 vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna that use mRNA technology provide the biggest boost to antibody levels when given 10-12 weeks after the second dose, a new British study has found.
It would be interesting to re-examine the neutralising activity of sera from these individuals after 3 and 6 months.
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2hats
Dust.
From KCL a study of (delta/B.1.617.2) breakthrough infection (BTI) immunoresponses in vaccinees, comparing them to (delta) infections in the unvaccinated, so adding to the 'other side' of the hybrid immunity picture.
Post-infection vaccinee sera were far better able to neutralise all VOCs (even beta/B.1.351) than the unvaccinated whose sera neutralised delta less well and the other VOCs relatively poorly.
DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.01.21266982.
Post-infection vaccinee sera were far better able to neutralise all VOCs (even beta/B.1.351) than the unvaccinated whose sera neutralised delta less well and the other VOCs relatively poorly.
This research underlines how hybrid immunity significantly enhances immunoresponse affinity/avidity/breadth.
DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.01.21266982.
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2hats
Dust.
From Imperial (and others) a study, based on UK healthcare worker data, that highlights how the type and pattern of exposure to different VOC, antigenic imprinting, in vaccinees modulates the subsequent immunoresponse to a range of VOCs.
For example, here infection with alpha/B.1.1.7 then vaccination was found to induce reduced neutralising titres compared to infection with early-type WT then vaccination.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0811.
(Cf previously noted work on mapping the antigenic distance between VOCs and implications for [spike] antigen selection for future vaccines.)
'Mainstream' press (TL;DR):
www.standard.co.uk
For example, here infection with alpha/B.1.1.7 then vaccination was found to induce reduced neutralising titres compared to infection with early-type WT then vaccination.
This research points to the potential complications of "over specialising" forthcoming vaccines, ie tuning them to one particularly troublesome VOC at the expensive of VOCs as yet unseen; degrees of original antigenic sin. A universal coronavirus vaccine needs to very carefully select antigens to optimise for cross-reactivity.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0811.
(Cf previously noted work on mapping the antigenic distance between VOCs and implications for [spike] antigen selection for future vaccines.)
'Mainstream' press (TL;DR):
How someone first encounters Covid ‘shapes their future immune response’
Researchers say their findings may have implications for the development of future coronavirus vaccines.
www.standard.co.uk
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2hats
Dust.
(And not entirely unrelated to the previous post... another step towards a universal coronavirus vaccine.)
An announcement of phase I trials of DIOSynVax's pan-sarbeco coronavirus DNA plasmid vaccine candidate, pEVAC-PS.
It aims to target all coronaviruses through focusing on expressing modified non-spike antigens common to all coronaviridae, selecting carefully to avoid triggering unintentional hyper-inflammatory responses. It has already demonstrated good cross-reactive promise to a number of sarbecoviruses in animal models.
This DNA vaccine comes in freeze-dried powder form, so can be stored at room temperature and administered intradermally by a needle-free 'jet'.
An announcement of phase I trials of DIOSynVax's pan-sarbeco coronavirus DNA plasmid vaccine candidate, pEVAC-PS.
It aims to target all coronaviruses through focusing on expressing modified non-spike antigens common to all coronaviridae, selecting carefully to avoid triggering unintentional hyper-inflammatory responses. It has already demonstrated good cross-reactive promise to a number of sarbecoviruses in animal models.
This DNA vaccine comes in freeze-dried powder form, so can be stored at room temperature and administered intradermally by a needle-free 'jet'.
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2hats
Dust.
Comment from Valneva:
Valneva says no conclusions should be drawn on its vaccine from UK booster study
French biotech firm Valneva said on Friday no conclusions should be drawn on the effectiveness of its COVID-19 vaccine by a British study, which found it was the only shot out of seven that offered no immunity boost when given to people previously immunized with Pfizer's vaccine.
Additionally, Valneva's own press release states that they expect homologous booster data in 1Q2022 and that they are co-ordinating a separate heterologous booster trial with a dose 2-3 interval of at least six months.
Valneva Comments on COV-Boost Clinical Trial Data - Valneva
Saint Herblain (France), December 3, 2021 – Valneva SE (Nasdaq: VALN; Euronext Paris: VLA), a specialty vaccine company, today responded to data published from the COV-Boost COVID-19 vaccine trial, which investigated the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of seven different COVID-19 vaccines at...
valneva.com
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2hats
Dust.
(DFTK, Tübingen) A small (n=36, ages 18-80 years) phase I trial of a peptide-based T cell vaccine, CoVac-1.
No adverse reactogenic events were observed. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses (T-helper CD4+ and CD8+) targeting multiple vaccine peptides were induced in all study participants and interferon-γ T cell responses persisted in the follow-up analyses, exceeding both post-infection and approved vaccine responses.
Further (phase II) trials are anticipated to evaluate this vaccine candidate for patients with B cell/antibody deficiency.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04232-5.
Some background:
innovationorigins.com
See also previously post #1555 for another T cell vaccine candidate.
No adverse reactogenic events were observed. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses (T-helper CD4+ and CD8+) targeting multiple vaccine peptides were induced in all study participants and interferon-γ T cell responses persisted in the follow-up analyses, exceeding both post-infection and approved vaccine responses.
Further (phase II) trials are anticipated to evaluate this vaccine candidate for patients with B cell/antibody deficiency.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04232-5.
Some background:
Corona vaccine for people with cancer and immune deficiencies in clinical trials
Doctors at Tübingen University Hospital in Germany develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for patients with cancer or immune deficiencies.
innovationorigins.com
See also previously post #1555 for another T cell vaccine candidate.
2hats
Dust.
Further results from the Com-COV2 study. Here a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial examining safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of heterologous vaccine regimens namely mRNA-1273 and NVX-CoV2373 as second-dose vaccines for people (50+ years, n~1000) who received a first dose of AZD1222 or BNT162b2 8-12 weeks prior, as well as comparing them to the approved homologous two-dose regimens.
Reactogenicity in heterologous schedules of viral vector then mRNA vaccine increased compared to the standard homologous schedules, but not where NVX-CoV2373 was the second dose.
All immunogenic outcomes are from samples taken at 28 days post second dose. mRNA-1273 as a heterologous boost after AZD1222 or BNT162b2 prime induced a higher binding and neutralising antibody response than either standard homologous schedule. NVX-CoV2373 after AZD1222 prime was superior to the standard homologous AZD1222 regimen (for both humoral and cellular immunity). NVX-CoV2373 after BNT162b2 did not induce higher binding antibody titres compared to standard homologous BNT162b2; however those titres still exceeded those produced by standard homologous AZD1222. Drops in neutralising antibody responses to beta/B.1.351 and delta/B.1.617.2 VOC were seen across all schedules, whereas T cell responses were not affected. Notably, the greatest T cell response was seen in the AZD1222/NVX-CoV2373 schedule.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02718-5.
Reactogenicity in heterologous schedules of viral vector then mRNA vaccine increased compared to the standard homologous schedules, but not where NVX-CoV2373 was the second dose.
All immunogenic outcomes are from samples taken at 28 days post second dose. mRNA-1273 as a heterologous boost after AZD1222 or BNT162b2 prime induced a higher binding and neutralising antibody response than either standard homologous schedule. NVX-CoV2373 after AZD1222 prime was superior to the standard homologous AZD1222 regimen (for both humoral and cellular immunity). NVX-CoV2373 after BNT162b2 did not induce higher binding antibody titres compared to standard homologous BNT162b2; however those titres still exceeded those produced by standard homologous AZD1222. Drops in neutralising antibody responses to beta/B.1.351 and delta/B.1.617.2 VOC were seen across all schedules, whereas T cell responses were not affected. Notably, the greatest T cell response was seen in the AZD1222/NVX-CoV2373 schedule.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02718-5.
2hats
Dust.
Statement from Pfizer/BioNTech on omicron/B.1.1.529 and their initial neutralisation study results (note: pseudovirus).
www.pfizer.com
Pfizer and BioNTech Provide Update on Omicron Variant | Pfizer
Preliminary laboratory studies demonstrate that three doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine neutralize the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529 lineage) while two doses show significantly reduced neutralization titers Data indicate that a third dose of BNT162b2 increases the neutralizing antibody...
www.pfizer.com
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2hats
Dust.
Following on from Pfizer/BioNTech (post #1585), a summary of three other small omicron vaccine neutralisation studies announced in the past ~24 hours.
Live omicron virus neutralisation assay results (AHRI/KZN, Durban) performed with BNT162b2 vaccine induced sera. The apparent raw neutralisation reduction is around 40-fold compared to earlier type D614G. This new VOC appears to still be using the ACE2 receptor. Omicron does not escape from hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination, in that order), which may not be surprising as this a not untypical fold-advantage hybrid immunity exhibits over non-convalesecent two-dose vaccine induced immunity, in otherwise healthy individuals. This may suggest that a three-dose vaccination regimen could provide sufficient antibody protection. No T cell analysis.
DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.08.21267417.
Omicron lentiviral pseudovirus neutralisation assay results (Karolinska, Sweden). Up to a 25-fold reduction in neutralisation titres was observed across cohorts of blood donors and healthcare workers. They also found that a WHO neutralisation standard, used to standardise their assays, exhibited a 40-fold loss of neutralisation to omicron relative to early type. This preliminary report did not clarify which donors were convalsecent only, vaccinee only or hybrid.
A more comprehensive live omicron virus neutralisation study (Goethe, Germany) examining various vaccine induced sera, from both two-dose and three-dose regimens (each cohort of 10-20 individuals, variously ages 20-93 years).
Poor neutralisation against delta/B.1.617.2 and no efficacy against omicron/B.1.1.529 were observed using sera from heterologous two-dose AZD1222/BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals. BNT162b2-boosted individuals showed a significant increase of neutralising antibody titres but a ~27-fold reduction (relative to delta) in neutralisation against omicron (2 weeks post third dose). Neutralisation of omicron by double BNT162b2 convalescent vaccinees exhibited a ~33-fold reduction; though note that the median age of this particular convalescent vaccinee cohort was 88 years (range 68-93 years) and the majority were infected after vaccination (hybrid response unlikely to be as strong as for younger convalescent cohorts who were infected well in advance of vaccination). The most effective vaccination regimen was two-dose mRNA-1273 boosted by BNT162b2, with a ~23-fold reduction (relative to delta) in neutralisation against omicron (note: measured at only 2 weeks post third dose).
Additionally, whilst the monoclonal antibodies imdevimab and casirivimab efficiently prevented delta infection, they failed to neutralise omicron. This study did not analyse T cell responses.
DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.07.21267432.
Live omicron virus neutralisation assay results (AHRI/KZN, Durban) performed with BNT162b2 vaccine induced sera. The apparent raw neutralisation reduction is around 40-fold compared to earlier type D614G. This new VOC appears to still be using the ACE2 receptor. Omicron does not escape from hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination, in that order), which may not be surprising as this a not untypical fold-advantage hybrid immunity exhibits over non-convalesecent two-dose vaccine induced immunity, in otherwise healthy individuals. This may suggest that a three-dose vaccination regimen could provide sufficient antibody protection. No T cell analysis.
DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.08.21267417.
Omicron lentiviral pseudovirus neutralisation assay results (Karolinska, Sweden). Up to a 25-fold reduction in neutralisation titres was observed across cohorts of blood donors and healthcare workers. They also found that a WHO neutralisation standard, used to standardise their assays, exhibited a 40-fold loss of neutralisation to omicron relative to early type. This preliminary report did not clarify which donors were convalsecent only, vaccinee only or hybrid.
A more comprehensive live omicron virus neutralisation study (Goethe, Germany) examining various vaccine induced sera, from both two-dose and three-dose regimens (each cohort of 10-20 individuals, variously ages 20-93 years).
Poor neutralisation against delta/B.1.617.2 and no efficacy against omicron/B.1.1.529 were observed using sera from heterologous two-dose AZD1222/BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals. BNT162b2-boosted individuals showed a significant increase of neutralising antibody titres but a ~27-fold reduction (relative to delta) in neutralisation against omicron (2 weeks post third dose). Neutralisation of omicron by double BNT162b2 convalescent vaccinees exhibited a ~33-fold reduction; though note that the median age of this particular convalescent vaccinee cohort was 88 years (range 68-93 years) and the majority were infected after vaccination (hybrid response unlikely to be as strong as for younger convalescent cohorts who were infected well in advance of vaccination). The most effective vaccination regimen was two-dose mRNA-1273 boosted by BNT162b2, with a ~23-fold reduction (relative to delta) in neutralisation against omicron (note: measured at only 2 weeks post third dose).
Additionally, whilst the monoclonal antibodies imdevimab and casirivimab efficiently prevented delta infection, they failed to neutralise omicron. This study did not analyse T cell responses.
DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.07.21267432.
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2hats
Dust.
Very preliminary data from a further neutralisation study (Medizinische Universität, Innsbruck). Details a little lacking right now but apparently live virus neutralisation assays.
All two-dose homologous schedules and convalescent immunity performed poorly at neutralising omicron/B.1.1.529. The best performing two-dose vaccination schedule was heterologous AZD1222/BNT162b2.
It would appear these results point to hybrid immunity ("super immune") apparently yielding the best neutralising results with infection-then-vaccination superior to vaccination-then-infection (seemingly consistent with Crotty's earlier speculations). Note that some of the results may (as in other small numbers studies mentioned in the last couple of posts) be confounded to degrees by age(/immunocompetence) of some study participants.
No preprint yet.
e2a: Lead author confirms that BNT162b2 vaccinees were sampled 1 month after second dose, whereas mRNA-1273 vaccinees were sampled 4-5 months after second dose (likely has a bearing on the former seemingly outperforming the latter, contrary to almost every previous study observation).
All two-dose homologous schedules and convalescent immunity performed poorly at neutralising omicron/B.1.1.529. The best performing two-dose vaccination schedule was heterologous AZD1222/BNT162b2.
It would appear these results point to hybrid immunity ("super immune") apparently yielding the best neutralising results with infection-then-vaccination superior to vaccination-then-infection (seemingly consistent with Crotty's earlier speculations). Note that some of the results may (as in other small numbers studies mentioned in the last couple of posts) be confounded to degrees by age(/immunocompetence) of some study participants.
No preprint yet.
e2a: Lead author confirms that BNT162b2 vaccinees were sampled 1 month after second dose, whereas mRNA-1273 vaccinees were sampled 4-5 months after second dose (likely has a bearing on the former seemingly outperforming the latter, contrary to almost every previous study observation).
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Not a treatment as such but a good idea
mainichi.jp
Japanese scientists develop glowing masks to detect coronavirus - The Mainichi
KYOTO (Kyodo) -- A team of scientists at a university in western Japan has developed masks that glow when exposed to ultraviolet light if they contain
2hats
Dust.
From the UKHSA 'SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England, Technical briefing 31, 10 December 2021'.
Original two-dose homologous AZD1222 regimen exhibits zero percent vaccine effectiveness to symptomatic infection by omicron. Original two-dose homologous BNT162b2 regimen exhibits ~30 percent vaccine effectiveness to symptomatic infection by omicron. A third dose of BNT162b2 raises vaccine effectiveness to symptomatic infection by omicron to around 70-75%.
Note: small study participant numbers lead to wide confidence intervals (and particularly the ~0% estimate for AZD1222).
e2a: Part of the data and analysis (for delta) available in this UKHSA/NIHR preprint.
2e2a: Omicron neutralisation data (Oxford) provided in this brief preprint - DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.10.21267534.
(Very early) estimates of vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 due to the omicron/B.1.1.529 variant were made using a test negative case control study and compared to that due to delta/B.1.617.2, ie a real world epidemiological estimate, rather than a lab based neutralisation study. The final analysis included 56,439 delta and 581 omicron cases.
Original two-dose homologous AZD1222 regimen exhibits zero percent vaccine effectiveness to symptomatic infection by omicron. Original two-dose homologous BNT162b2 regimen exhibits ~30 percent vaccine effectiveness to symptomatic infection by omicron. A third dose of BNT162b2 raises vaccine effectiveness to symptomatic infection by omicron to around 70-75%.
Note: small study participant numbers lead to wide confidence intervals (and particularly the ~0% estimate for AZD1222).
e2a: Part of the data and analysis (for delta) available in this UKHSA/NIHR preprint.
2e2a: Omicron neutralisation data (Oxford) provided in this brief preprint - DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.10.21267534.
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