There are some pretty good ID pages on Facebook. But you need to make sure you post up all the necessaries in your OP because they get dead arsey if you don’t.
Clear information about site (open grounds, woodlands...) and any nearby trees. Also general geographic location.
Pictures of the underside are important for the gills/ pores (penny buns have pores).
Close up of the stem is useful and sometimes necessary. If you can show a snap of the stem cut in half lengthways, that’s a bonus
Try to take the whole stem out so the base can be seen. And ignore the endless debate about whether that’s a good or bad idea (it doesn’t make any difference to the mycelium).
Mention the smell, which is an important identification point (horse mushrooms smell of aniseed, Miller mushrooms smell bready)
Do a spore print. For some mushrooms, it’s the only way to be certain. Dead easy to do: remove the stem and place the head gill side down on a flat piece of paper. I often use a brown paper bag because it shows most colours. Cover with a large glass, like a pint glass, and leave it overnight. The spores will drift out and leave a wheel shaped pattern. If you've got a good idea that the spores will be a certain colour, use paper of a contrasting colour; if your book leads you to think it’s going to be either pale or dark, use two pieces of paper of different colours.
As for those in your post....
That top one looks like it could be a bolete of some kind, but it’s impossible to say without more ID information.
The second one could be a shaggy parasol, but again not possible to be sure about that.
The black one could be horn of plenty, but the stem looks wrong in that photo.
The next one is definitely birch polypore. It’s a young one. Really good medicine. Mark where it is and you can collect it each year, or let it grow and harvest it when more mature. If you want to make it into medicine, it’s best to make a broad spectrum extract with it. Laborious, but worth it.
The yellow one looks like false chanterelle to me.
And I’d agree with the last one being amethyst deceiver.
ETA. A small you get more experienced, taste can sometimes be a really useful indicator too. But take a small nibble, at the front of your mouth, and spit it out right away.
And if someone eats a mushroom and you’re worried it’s poisonous, get them to eat several umbels of elderberries. The berries and stems together are an effective emetic. Vomiting can save lives when poisonous mushrooms have been ingested.
(I added that last bit just in case anyone follows
a_chap ’s stupid advice)
