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Coronavirus in the UK - news, lockdown and discussion

This isn't borne out by reality. Consider the start, London went from nothing to crazy in 3 weeks, seriously challenging the NHS ability to respond.

They loosened it some weeks ago and the parks have been packed, block parties and illegal raves etc. Its 5 days incubation on average, it's up to a couple of weeks but they are outliers, as we're talking the general case 14 days is plenty to start seeing something happen.

Whats happened is nothing. Which is quite weird and there is some effort going on to understand why.

Maybe there's an initial dampening effect from many of the people who encountered the virus early on being the same people who'll meet it again as R begins to increase. They will do so because of enduring traits and circumstances: extraversion, sociability, public-facing jobs, a reliance on public transport etc - in turn meaning they will be more likely than average to have acquired immunity already. (Obviously they can't be the only ones coming into contact with the virus, otherwise R would be dropping to zero.)
 
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Maybe there's an initial dampening effect from many of the people who encountered the virus early on being the same people who'll meet it again as R begins to increase. They will do so because of enduring traits and circumstances: extraversion, sociability, public-facing jobs, a reliance on public transport etc - in turn meaning they will be more likely than average to have acquired immunity already. (Obviously they can't be the only ones coming into contact with the virus, otherwise R would be dropping to zero.)

Yes, although the attention-grabbing stuff about herd immunity that caused such a stink months ago was all about what high level of population immunity is required to thwart epidemics, people still need to consider the effects it has on the picture when immunity exists to some extent compared to no extent at the start. Lesser impact, but some impact all the same. There could be other immunity or attack rate related phenomenon that are not currently understood which would further add to this effect, but unless we pin any of those down its not really possible to take them into account properly beyond mentioning the possibility.

Throw in other important factors such as how many people actually have the virus right now, and quite what level of R people might be imagining when they worry that its gone back above 1, and there is plenty to consider before imagining the sort of explosive growth with the same timescale we saw at the start of the first wave. Especially if the hospital and care home infection control picture is rather different now compared to the especially ill-prepared first months.

I havent done the maths but if R has gone a bit above 1 but nowhere near 2 or 3, its going to take some time for numbers to increase in dramatic ways. The first signs of an R above 1 in various hard data that we get to see ought to be more subtle and slower to develop. And then it would need to keep worsening and going unchecked for a while before we reached another explosive period.

I couldnt have had a partial break from all this in June if it were not for these things. I am also following my own advice to zoom in, and am now graphing all individual hospital trust deaths data for England. The picture is very mixed and some of the graphs hint at specific stories of that area or its hospitals, without actually revealing their stories in a useful way. Some of the graphs give me cause to think I should pay attention to them in particular in the coming weeks, but none show anything that fills me with such particular alarm that I feel the need to bring it to the attention of this forum at this time.
 
I watched that interview LBJ posted and. I'm trying to picture why if Prof Gupter's summation is correct. i.e. a level of imunity exists in the population; sars-cov-2 has been here longer than first estimated; it could be on it's way out as far as future exponential growth phases.

How come it seemingly spiked, killing so many vunrible people in a apparent short time. If as she seems to believe, it's been around for a few months longer, why were we not seeing a longer, shallower curve in hospitalisation rates and deaths.

Yes I get that the virus has to start from a low base and the exponential growth phase accounts for steep upwards trends. But why all the deaths. Why would the most vunrible seemingly have succumb over a short time period. Why would these most severe cases not be clumpy in terms of statistics.

NB: I can't see the graphs but just thinking allowed.
 
That got into my head just being told to fuck off for posting an opinion
Protesters are doing essential work. More than fucking coppers are anyway. And the filth don't even wear masks.

Maybe I should have clarified that better in my post yesterday since I was told to F off twice!

I just find it very worrying because of how the virus works and how this country is just handling it so badly. I agree with the cause and I agree with this kind of action. I just can't get past the fact that these are big crowds of people getting excited and crushed together and so on. I think that opening up the pubs in June is a stupid idea, let alone big public gatherings.
 
I watched that interview LBJ posted and. I'm trying to picture why if Prof Gupter's summation is correct. i.e. a level of imunity exists in the population; sars-cov-2 has been here longer than first estimated; it could be on it's way out as far as future exponential growth phases.

How come it seemingly spiked, killing so many vunrible people in a apparent short time. If as she seems to believe, it's been around for a few months longer, why were we not seeing a longer, shallower curve in hospitalisation rates and deaths.

Yes I get that the virus has to start from a low base and the exponential growth phase accounts for steep upwards trends. But why all the deaths. Why would the most vunrible seemingly have succumb over a short time period. Why would these most severe cases not be clumpy in terms of statistics.

NB: I can't see the graphs but just thinking allowed.

It's how they count it. The majority of people who die from it are vulnerable anyway and before March they wouldn't have been classed as CoVid deaths. Thousands of elderly and infirm people die every winter, this is especially bad but it's not a new thing. There was a new kind of influenza in 2017 that spiked the deaths
 
It's how they count it. The majority of people who die from it are vulnerable anyway and before March they wouldn't have been classed as CoVid deaths. Thousands of elderly and infirm people die every winter, this is especially bad but it's not a new thing. There was a new kind of influenza in 2017 that spiked the deaths

Flu happens every year or so. Granted more severe in some years than others. But this year, the hospitals coming close to being overwhelmed, in Spain, Italy, New York. If the nature of the virus is as Prof Gupter suggests, how come all these vunrible people got ill with it in a relatively short time frame.
 
Flu happens every year or so. Granted more severe in some years than others. But this year, the hospitals coming close to being overwhelmed, in Spain, Italy, New York. If the nature of the virus is as Prof Gupter suggests, how come all these vunrible people got ill with it in a relatively short time frame.

I haven't watched that yet but from having completed Pandemic on every mode including Vampire Mode I think that this virus is so dangerous because it is infectious before it is detected by the host. It does seem like a severe flu for most people, but the reason that this one is such a big deal as well as being powerful enough to hurt healthy people, it can also live in healthy people for more than a week before they even know, so they are going around breathing on everyone thinking that they are healthy
 
Flu happens every year or so. Granted more severe in some years than others. But this year, the hospitals coming close to being overwhelmed, in Spain, Italy, New York. If the nature of the virus is as Prof Gupter suggests, how come all these vunrible people got ill with it in a relatively short time frame.
It does seem possible though that some deaths could have happened and been missed - put down to something else and not tested. There wouldn't have been many in any case, if any, especially as the initial spreaders will have been people coming from abroad so by definition really not the extremely vulnerable. And if the deaths happened in a care home, I would think that pre-March, it's very likely they would not have been detected.

Elbows has made the point that a bad flu year (20,000 deaths plus here sometimes as in 2014-15) is actually a really bad thing that doesn't get the attention it deserves, especially as a good flu year is <10% that figure. And bad flu years do put hospitals under a lot of pressure, with elective operations cancelled etc. The NHS creaks.

Gupta's strongest point perhaps is nothing to do with her main contention. It's that tens of thousands more have died due to the decades of neglect of the NHS that led to the catastrophic decision to clear hospitals out and discharge untested patients into previously covid-19-free care homes. Every time I write that, I find it hard to believe it was done, but done it was, right up to mid-April iirc. That is a lesson that must be learned.

In the interview, the one question that did seem to fluster Gupta somewhat was the severity of the outbreak in NYC. I didn't think she had much of an answer to that - the idea that people are somehow especially vulnerable there doesn't seem that likely. That said, I don't know what the infection levels among the old were in NYC. That's also totally key to any mortality rate - the ages of those infected.

But this is a new virus. I guess that's the point, and even a bad flu is actually something that many people may come into contact with and not get ill. Gupta's contention is that this is similar - many of us have been exposed to the virus without getting ill and without developing antibodies for whatever reason. The seeming regularity of infection rates and curves does seem to support that.

I'm not sure where I'm at with this. I think the pattern we see with those places really badly hit recovering more sharply than those not so badly hit, with the same lockdown conditions in both, is evidence that there is something in what Gupta says, that population-level resistance is a factor in play. The question then is how significant a factor? She is, after all, presenting a sliding scale from Ferguson's numbers at one end to hers at the other, and to be fair to it, the initial Oxford report was rather misrepresented in a lot of the media - it did what Gupta says and no more, presenting a scenario that also fits the data rather than saying that its scenario was right.

As ever, more research needed...
 
Here's an interview with the "dark matter" chap.



If I understood correctly what he was saying, he's suggesting that, say in London, about 20-25% of the population was susceptible, and the virus pretty much went right through that population (and at about the rate that the Imperial models predicted). In other words all the 'combustible material' as he puts it is pretty much used up.

The implication of that, I think, is that lockdown (except for the especially vulnerable) wouldn't really have made much difference. That is, the 'peak' was the natural peak and would have turned around at around that point even if there had been no lockdown. And that it happened about 3 weeks after lockdown is basically just coincidence.

That's if the basic premise of only 20-25% being susceptible is correct, which it might not be, of course.

The other message from his modelling is about the relative importance of govt action. He's not saying it's unimportant, but that there might be other factors that have a much more significant impact. This idea will be strongly resisted by those keen to use the UK's pretty bad outcome as evidence that this particular government is exceptionally incompetent.
 
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The other message from his modelling is about the relative importance of govt action. He's not saying it's unimportant, but that there might be other factors that have a much more significant impact. This idea will be strongly resisted by those keen to use the UK's pretty bad outcome as evidence that this particular government is exceptionally incompetent.
He got his little dig in, mind, in his extremely polite and mild manner. Government doing what it thinks people think it should be doing. That's the UK government in a nutshell.
 
Well one of the big limitations of their original Oxford paper is that they didnt want to use death data from after lockdown measures (or more like pre-lockdown measures a week earlier in the UKs case) were introduced, so they chopped things off at that point. Which was quite early on in terms of the death statistics really. And it was an early paper so at that moment they didnt have too much data after that time even if they had wanted to include it. Anyway they also chopped off the results of their model for subsequent dates too, so I cannot now look back and compare their model to the later reality.

As for the question as to timing and how it could make any sense, the original paper had a number of scenarios but the amounts of time relative to first detected case and first detected death were not improbably large as best I can tell. I didnt find it a terribly well presented paper at times, its confusing in certain areas.

(original paper 2020.03.24.20042291v1.full.pdf )

When it first came out I tried to be fair to it, including by pointing out that several of its main points were not the ones the media and anti-lockdown people were seizing on. Having now seen that Gupta interview, I am inclined to believe that it was actually being used by at least one of the authors to push and peddle the very point of view that the media seized on after all.

I'm not very impressed with it or some of her beliefs, but all the same I also consider it to be unwise for me to simply reject every aspect and possibility of it. The timing of lockdown pretty much everywhere did make it very hard to determine all sorts of truths on these matters, and mostly it looks like discovering the truth is only going to happen over time, as we see what impact relaxing lockdowns has in different places over a whole bunch of months. A lot of this stuff is the main reason that I am firmly in a 'hedging my bets' mode these days, why my expectations for the future are relatively blank and I continue to take things one week at a time.

I have to ask though, what the fuck was she on about in regards her thoughts about 100 years ago? Was she really trying to imply that flu wasnt a seasonal thing in those days, and that people were so socially isolated and international travel so limited that that the flu had one big wave every 30 years and then left people alone, with no new opportunities to gain fresh immunity via infection, in the intervening years? Where is the recognition that pandemic influenza happens when a novel strain gets going in humans and large swathes of the population are susceptible to the new strain regardless of how much they have or havent been busy socialising their way towards multiple seasonal infections with other influenza types in the meantime?

It is possible to extract something I can agree with or at least consider sensible to keep in mind and not utterly reject from most of her major points. Even that thing about flu and 100 years ago that makes parts of my brain melt does contain a few points that I can see the sense of, although not when used in quite that manner.

I have to be extra careful with this stuff because what I know about these subjects will mostly be based on stuff I have read, and that stuff will represent certain schools of thought in a number of fields. Its not likely I will happen to pick the correct blend of ideas, or be aware of the details and history of certain positions.

We might need to explore better the reasons why frequent glimpses of concern and fear seem to exist in sections of the epidemiological and public health community when it comes to the idea of properly stopping the public from getting a particular common disease, and of population immunity levels remaining low as a result. Its because that sort of situation is not just something that becomes a hot potato in so many ways in a bad pandemic. It also has a prominent role as a chief villain in the everyday lives of those fighting and monitoring diseases all year, every year. The risk of epidemics and how that risk can be managed will be such a major part of the schools of thought of such experts. Levels of immunity against a particular disease dropping in one or more sections of a population at some moment in time is a classic situation of impending danger, such things will always loom large on the radar because those are the sorts of situations that create the conditions that cause epidemics of non-novel diseases. I'm pretty sure thats also the sort of stuff she was trying to get at with the 100 years ago thing. So it isnt really so weird or a sign of some totally twisted priorities and morality that there are various sorts of specialists out there that regard certain things as desirable or inevitable that sound horrific to us. Its probably just their instincts and training repeatedly leaning them towards a picture where the threat of an epidemic wave of a disease due to dangerous levels of population susceptibility is something to get away from. In normal times I get it, they would favour a picture of relative stability of infection rate rather than cycles of dramatic boom and bust for viruses. I think some of the limitations to this sort of thinking are much more obvious in a pandemic when we are dealing with a novel virus though, at least when the hospitalisation and mortality rate is above a certain level.

Anyway bottom line for me is that the 'first wave combined with various lockdowns etc' really doesnt lead to definitive answers for all these questions to anything like the extent that would settle the arguments. So the waiting game continues.
 
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Yeah I agree about the historical stuff. Wasn't a very convincing story, that. As to the original Oxford model, I tried to follow its reasoning, and it appeared not to allow for the thing that Friston above makes a big deal about, which is the possibility/probability that the susceptible population may not be the whole population. Unless I'm misunderstanding, that's a big difference between the Oxford model and Friston's model - I think Gupta is post-fact inserting that into her modelling as it wasn't there at the start.

That said, Friston is also post-fact inserting, but that's what his modelling is designed to do - Bayesian, so constantly updating itself as new data comes to light. I know more about maths than I do virology, and Friston's approach strikes me as the only valid one tbh where you have such incomplete information. You have to be constantly reassessing your assumptions as new information comes in, otherwise your modelling is never going to improve. I'm trying not to be too swayed by Friston as he is an impressive performer, but he is also, by his own admission, only really a maths person in this context, but this idea that most of us are resistant to ever becoming infected isn't going away, and for Friston with his Bayesian approach, it is merely becoming more likely rather than less as more information comes in.

Having said all that, I would actually have liked the interviewer of Friston to have asked him about something other than Germany. Norway, say. It is clear at least that a lockdown hard and early will result in fewer deaths (and less population resistance) in the short term. New Zealand of course is the extreme example of that. I would have liked to have heard his thoughts on the possible futures of various countries now.
 
I havent done Friston yet. Will skim a paper or two of his and watch the interview now, before I return to my break from all this. Wasnt the IHME model we loved to mock built on similar bayesian stuff?

Regarding an earlier point you made about the horror of the care homes policy, Hancock is still coming out with this sort of shit. Personally there is no way I would have the nerve, not just to say such things about timing and testing but also to brag about the stronger links with the NHS :facepalm:

The over-80s are 70 times more likely to die from coronavirus than the under-40s, Hancock said.

“I know personally what an anxious time it is, and it has been, for anyone with a loved one in social care,” he said.

He said “right from the start” the government provided for care homes with financial support, testing and stronger links with the NHS.

8h ago 17:15

Even mentioning the financial support is to point towards the scene of the crime, since some of the first billions in funding announced to deal with this pandemic were for the NHS to deal with issues of 'bed blocking' and we all know what that turned out to mean in practice in this pandemic.
 
I've now watched the Friston interview and read a couple of the papers. I'm going to have to spend more time with some of it before properly answering all of teuchters points.

For now I will just point out the reason why they came up with the 'dark matter' stuff in the first place, and just how broad and vague a concept they have deliberately made it. I think this came through in the interview too, in many of the answers but not many of the questions.

This may be especially relevant when considering the constitution of resistant individuals in the population: this cohort was introduced to explain data from the United States (Friston et al., 2020b). In other words, a proportion of resistant individuals was necessary to explain early mortality rates (and new cases), given the known population size and inferred characteristics of viral transmission. Intuitively, one could regard this resistant proportion as ‘dark matter’ in the universe that cannot be seen but is necessary to explain astronomical data.

Much of my remaining work in this area will involve going back to that 2nd paper about the USA and trying to get a better handle on the detail of these origins.

So, what is the composition of this ‘dark matter’? One could think of resistant individuals in terms of host specific factors: namely, a reduced propensity to contract the virus and participate in its transmission. This would be like assuming a certain proportion of people—e.g., in a household or care home—cannot play host to the virus, even when exposed.

For sure thats a fascinating subject which is probably the one that draws peoples attention most, certainly interests me in a number of ways, and is clearly also of interest to people who are interested in a different version of reality than the one I've favoured so far.

Well it would be one thing if thats all this 'dark matter' could consist of. But, as in the interview, it then becomes apparent that a whole host of other things to do with susceptibility are actually included:

Alternatively, resistance could be geographical in nature; in the sense that some people are geographically insulated from exposure. Crucially, this constituent of resistance will be time-dependent if the virus is spreading towards a community that has yet to be exposed. So, what are the implications for such communities? On the current analysis, it suggests that if FTTI was rolled out across the four Nations, it could defer the first wave—in a previously unaffected region—indefinitely. For example, while London was deferring its second wave, Aberystwyth could defer its first.

Well so much for those trying to make some particular case about what their model and explanations show, the implications for lockdown, social distancing mandated by government, etc. It sure sounds like the possibility that the people who have 'not been in the game with this pandemic' includes not just those with some immune system/physiology related forms of resistance/non-susceptibility, but also those that have so far been isolated from the virus for reasons including the geography of where they live and work compared to where the virus has been in meaningful quantities so far. So good luck entirely removing lockdown, shielding and various other forms of human response from that angle! I do expect we will learn more about the 'genuinely resistant no matter how humans are behaving' side of things at some point, but this model and the associated papers dont actually offer much at all about that yet.

The main thing these papers have confirmed to me so far is something I already knew, things are complicated with a lot of factors and nobody has a way to really unpick the impact of different measures. There are, at best, some hints, and we need 2nd wave or lack of 2nd wave stuff to provide more clues. And its not a great idea to rely on certain kinds of models as if they have settled on something in particular when in fact these sorts of models have slipperiness built in - a form of model that will continually adapt to the data and have to come up with their own explanations to account for what the data shows at different moments in time. In this case the 'dark matter' that was originally envisaged to offer an explanation for early US data, is now also being asked to cover for any of the serological survey results that might appear to be at odds with some of their main conclusions. It will allow some of their ideas to still be taken seriously long after the point where we might have expected to find evidence to confirm or deny their most noteworthy premises. I dont mind that though, they do touch on certain themes that it would be unwise to completely disregard at this stage. And they do choose their words more carefully than some of those who want to use their work for particular purposes. They know the limitations of being a maths model nerd about this stuff, with a focus on improving models and trying to demonstrate various utilities of their model or successor works. Better data being fed into the models would sure help too, models are not a substitute for more accurate measurements of reality.

Quotes are from https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.07994.pdf
 
There's not been much talk about Sweden recently. It's done better than the UK, although worse than most of the rest of Europe. It appears to be on a broadly downward trend now.

Screen Shot 2020-06-09 at 00.18.18.jpg
 
How do people feel about the pubs reopening on the 22nd? I doubt I'll be rushing back

R number is still pretty high here, in a city where the outbreak was slow to take hold and is therefore a week or two behind the curve, so I'll be pretty cautious about going back. As I said on t'other thread, I think reopening of pubs and similar should be a decision made at local authority level rather than by central government.
 
I don't want to get into that because I am very sympathetic to the message, I just think that the virus is still too dangerous for any kind of gatherings.

I recognise that it's a pointless thing for me to say as well because being against something like this happening is a bit like being against the virus happening, I'm just venting it on here because I feel a bit alienated from my facebook. I don't want an argument, I just despair to be honest. If/when there is a really dangerous pandemic, we are screwed.
If you're white (and I suspect you probably are), then this virus might well be one of the biggest existential threats you will have had to face in your lifetime.

If you're black (and I'm not, so this is more about trying to build my awareness than experience), and particularly in America, you face a statistically far greater threat than Covid-19 every time you step outside your front door - and sometimes you won't even have to do that. Black people are far more likely to be killed, injured, put in fear of death or injury, etc., than white people - in the US, here, and all over the place. You will be less likely to find work to feed yourself and your family than your white counterparts, educational opportunities will be more limited, and you'll be generally treated with more suspicion than if you were white. That's what structural racism does.

So maybe protesting all those deaths and discrimination might not seen like a priority to you, because you're not at nearly the same risk as a black person. But it's very likely that, for a lot of black people, that shit is a FAR bigger, endemic, and clear and present threat to their well-being than a virus. Maybe they're wrong, but it isn't hard to see why they might think it is.
 
Oh dear. That poor Care Minister who twice got absolutely annihilated by piers morgan for not knowing basic facts has now turned up on Sky News. How did she get her job?

 
It's pretty fucking ridiculous that the Government press office has banned any ministers from going on GMB or Channel 4 news. Particularly at this time. Surely communication is vital and those are two pretty influential outlets. Cancelling the weekend press conferences too... why?
 
57% of those tested in the Italian province of Bergamo were positive for antibodies, so I don't see any particular reason to believe only 25% are susceptible.
And then there was the US prison where 80% tested positive (2000/2500 prisoners and staff, on here somewhere). There is the possibility that there is now more than one strain, with a more infectious strain affecting the eastern states of the US, specifically - a study from California raised this a while ago (also on a thread here).

These are weaknesses in the argument, though. You produce a nice-looking model that comes up with some good predictions, then the danger is that you tweak the theory repeatedly to fit the model and the tail ends up wagging the dog, as in Ptolemy's Earth-centred universe with its orbits-within-orbits-within-orbits.

On balance, I think elbows is right that these are all possibilities to bear in mind, but that more evidence is needed. Big danger in thinking the likes of Friston must be right cos a) they talk a pretty good game, and b) you want them to be right.

In terms of policy-making, what difference do the ideas of the likes of Gupta and Friston make? I would suggest at the very least that the onus now should be switching towards lifting lockdown sooner rather than later, because of the ongoing damage of lockdown itself. I do suspect that more countries will end up bringing their lockdown timetables forwards than pushing them backwards as the downward trends in infection continue. If only we had a half-competent government, we could already be some way through a planned timetable for lockdown lifting here, but this government seems to operate more on hope, aspiration, and people doing stuff for themselves, than actual plans.
 
It's always possible that when some noted professor says something surprising it's because they're bonkers, like Peter Duesberg sticking to the view that AIDS was caused by poppers and other recreational drugs.
 
If you're black (and I'm not, so this is more about trying to build my awareness than experience), and particularly in America, you face a statistically far greater threat than Covid-19 every time you step outside your front door - and sometimes you won't even have to do that.

I'm sorry but where the hell do you get those statistics? Covid has been killing far more people than racists for the last few months.
 
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