2hats
Dust.
Analysis of stereoscopic satellite imagery (Himawari-8/GOES-17) would appear to confirm that the initial hot ash and gas eruption column from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai reached up 58 km, well into the mesosphere (>50 km altitude).
Tonga Volcano Plume Reached the Mesosphere
Tonga Volcano Plume Reached the Mesosphere