NHS tracing app in question as experts assess Google-Apple model
Swiss firm hired to test mainstream software despite launch of go-it-alone system
Tim Bradshaw, Sarah Neville and Helen Warrell in London
YESTERDAY
Health chiefs in the UK have tasked a team of software developers to “investigate” switching its unique contact-tracing app to the global standard proposed by Apple and Google, signalling a potential about-turn just days after the NHS launched its new coronavirus app.
The UK has, alongside France, been one of the most prominent countries to turn down the offer of technical assistance from Apple and Google, who are working with health authorities in several European countries including Germany and Italy to build contact-tracing technology into their mobile operating systems.
The UK’s decision to go it alone has been criticised by privacy campaigners and technologists, who say the app will be less effective than incorporating Apple and Google’s software, while also gathering too much personal information in a central database. It has also raised concerns about whether the UK app will be compatible with those under development by other countries which are using the Apple and Google model. If not, this could present barriers for Britons travelling abroad in the future.
Contract documents obtained by Tussell, a data provider on UK government contracts and expenditure, and shared with the Financial Times, show that the London office of Zuhlke Engineering, a Switzerland-based IT development firm, has been awarded a new multimillion pound contract by NHSX, the state-funded health service’s digital innovation arm. The six-month contract to develop and support the Covid-19 contact tracing app is worth £3.8m and was due to begin on Wednesday, the documents show.
The contract includes a requirement to “investigate the complexity, performance and feasibility of implementing native Apple and Google contact tracing APIs [application programming interfaces] within the existing proximity mobile application and platform”. The work is described as a “two week timeboxed technical spike”, suggesting it is still at a preliminary phase, but with a deadline of mid-May. An application programming interface is the means by which software developers access certain functions of a device’s operating system.
An NHSX official said: “We've been working with Apple and Google throughout the app's development and it's quite right and normal to continue to refine the app.”
Downing Street has been tracking developments in Australia, which like the UK has developed its own contact-tracing app without Apple and Google software, but has now run into technical difficulties. One person close to the NHS development process said British officials had been concerned when Germany, which had also been developing its own app, suddenly reverted to the Apple and Google-assisted model last month, leaving Britain more of an outlier within Europe.
The new NHS smartphone app, which many see as a vital component in lifting lockdown restrictions on people’s movement during the pandemic, began testing this week on the Isle of Wight, off the south coast of England, ahead of a planned nationwide rollout in the coming weeks.
The initial version of the UK app, which was developed by Zuhlke in conjunction with Silicon Valley-based firm Pivotal, takes a unique approach to Bluetooth-based tracking that gathers data in a central NHS database, which the government says will allow researchers to better understand the spread of Covid-19.
As well as potentially infringing on privacy, some app developers have questioned whether the NHS app will work effectively, due to restrictions that Apple and Google place on iOS and Android apps using Bluetooth constantly, which can drain a device’s battery more quickly.
One person familiar with the NHS testing process said that its app was able to work in the background in most cases, except when two iPhones were locked and left unused for around 30 minutes, without any Android devices coming within 60m of the devices. Bringing an Android device running the NHS app close to the iPhone would “wake up” its Bluetooth connection, this person said.
Switching to Google and Apple’s contact technology would avoid such issues but are likely to mean the UK has to abandon its centralised database, which representatives of the two tech companies have indicated is incompatible with their “decentralised” approach.
Spokespeople for Zuhlke and Pivotal referred requests for comment to the NHS.
Additional reporting by George Parker in London