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The greatest science related photos

Astronomy is a hobby of mine, I don't have proper attachments for my telescope, so I don't have any really good photos of my own and I don't aim to flood the thread but this is probably my favourite astronomy photo ever - the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), beautifully clear, I think taken from Hubble.

If our galaxy were the size of the palm of my hand, M31 would be beyond the other side of the street. And that would make Earth smaller than one of the atoms in my hand. And yet, if M31 were not so dark (it's bright, but diffuse) it would be about the size of a crescent moon in the sky, to our view, even at a distance of 25 million light years. And what we see, when we look at it, is light which is older than the human race.

It blows my mind to think on the scale of it all...

Andromeda Galaxy (with h-alpha).jpg
 
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This image, the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF), combines Hubble observations taken over the past decade of a small patch of sky in the constellation of Fornax. It is the deepest image of the Universe ever made, combining data from previous images including the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (taken in 2003 and 2004) and Hubble Ultra Deep Field Infrared (2009).

The image covers a region less than a tenth of the width of the full Moon across, making it just a 30 millionth of the whole sky. Yet even in this tiny fraction of the sky, the long exposure reveals about 5500 galaxies, some of them so distant that we see them when the Universe was less than 5% of its current age.

The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field image contains several of the most distant objects ever identified.

Credit:
NASA, ESA, G. Illingworth, D. Magee, and P. Oesch (University of California, Santa Cruz), R. Bouwens (Leiden University), and the HUDF09 Team
 
Diffusion tensor image (DTI) of white matter in the adult human brain.

White matter fiber tracts in the adult human brain. Image Credit: Zeynep Saygin, mcgovern.mit.edu


White matter = axons; the long, thin appendage of each nerve cell (neuron), that projects from the cell body, and sends signals to other neurons. The RGB (false) colour scheme represents the 3D direction/orientation of fibres.

What is DTI?
DTI technique was first introduced by Peter Basser in 1994. It is an improved version of conventional MRI wherein signals are solely generated from the movement of water molecules. The term ‘diffusion’ denotes random thermal motion of water molecules. In other words, DTI uses the diffusion of water as a probe to determine the anatomy of a brain network, which basically provides information on static anatomy that is not influenced by brain functions.
 
the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), beautifully clear, I think taken from Hubble.
Brilliant shot, but it's from here taken through an 85mm telescope. Hubble did this - worth clicking and zooming in.

if M31 were not so dark (it's bright, but diffuse) it would be about the size of a crescent moon in the sky
Bigger - 3 degrees compared to half a degree.
 
Bigger - 3 degrees compared to half a degree.

I sometimes wonder how human cultures might have been different, if M31 were more visible than it is. I wonder what stories we'd have made up about this giant sky creature, in our earliest days as storytelling creatures, if we could actually see the Andromeda galaxy in its full glory, rather than just the little blurry blob in the centre (which is hard to see except on the darkest nights anyway)

I also wonder what its own most intelligent residents call it - and what they call the Milky Way, which presumably looks about the same from there.
 
The world's smallest guitar, at 10 microns - the size of a human red blood cell.

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In the summer of 1997, at the Cornell Nanofabrication Facility in Ithaca, New York, doctoral student Dustin Carr built a "nanoguitar." At a mere 10 microns long from strap button to headstock, it’s one of the world’s smallest silicon mechanical devices. By comparison, the diameter of a human hair is 200 microns. (A micron is one-millionth of a meter; a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter.)

Not 'true' nanotechnology, in that it was assembled rather than grown. But definitely titchy.
 
5th Solvay Conference.
700px-Solvay_conference_1927.jpg


17 of the people in this photograph won Nobel Prizes, Marie Curie managed one in two different disciplines.
Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Paul Dirac, and Erwin Schrödinger would be listed among the top ten greatest physicists of all-time, in a 1999 poll of leading physicists for Physics World magazine

A. Piccard, E. Henriot, P. Ehrenfest, E. Herzen, Th. de Donder, E. Schrödinger, J. E. Verschaffelt, W. Pauli, W. Heisenberg, R. H. Fowler, L. Brillouin;
P. Debye, M. Knudsen, W.L. Bragg, H. A. Kramers, P. A. M. Dirac, A. H. Compton, L. de Broglie, M. Born, N. Bohr;
I. Langmuir, M. Planck, M. Curie, H.A . Lorentz, A. Einstein, P. Langevin, Ch.-E. Guye, C. T. R. Wilson, O. W. Richardson
(I never found out why Emile Noether never got an invite, though she had moved to pure maths by this point in her career. )
In almost every discussion on the history of Quantum Mechanics this conference comes up.
 
Diffusion tensor image (DTI) of white matter in the adult human brain.

White matter fiber tracts in the adult human brain. Image Credit: Zeynep Saygin, mcgovern.mit.edu


White matter = axons; the long, thin appendage of each nerve cell (neuron), that projects from the cell body, and sends signals to other neurons. The RGB (false) colour scheme represents the 3D direction/orientation of fibres.
My physics masters thesis was in that - "diffusion tensor tractography in magnetic resonance imaging". I wrote a program that would reconstruct neural pathways from raw MRI data.
 
Self-portrait by a macaque monkey.

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I think the legal case may have been settled, but I'm not sure what I think about the moral case for who owns the copyright (the human photographer - David Slater - who set the situation up, or the macaque), whilst also not wanting the human photographer to be cheated.
All that proves (to anybody who, for some unbeknown reason, wasn't aware), is that PETA are utter cunts.
 
5th Solvay Conference.
700px-Solvay_conference_1927.jpg


17 of the people in this photograph won Nobel Prizes, Marie Curie managed one in two different disciplines.


(I never found out why Emile Noether never got an invite, though she had moved to pure maths by this point in her career. )
In almost every discussion on the history of Quantum Mechanics this conference comes up.

That's well racist
 
When the falling angel met the rising ape (to mangle Terry Pratchett)
Prinicipia-title.png


When the Moon stopped being a goddess or an ethereal being and became a rock that followed the same rules a rock thrown form the ground followed.

We have no image of the first controlled fire or the first farm. They came into existence of a very long time.
Here is where the genius ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Hooke (among many others) melded into an insight that changed humanity.
Its the same stuff up there as down here. When the bone thrown into the air became a space station.
This is a picture of an original print of one of the greatest ideas in human history and one not stated in the text. Us and the heavens are the same stuff and the same rules. Other made this clearer pointing out the stuff stars burnt for heat and light was in water. But the road was laid out.

This is when natural philosophy truly became science. This is the key step that left philosophy behind and led to Lyell and Darwin. Everything is reducible to the laws of nature and definable by the laws of mathematics.

It is such a deep insight that it seems almost implausible that people do not understand it. There is no metaphysics in the world, only physics. Everything can be broken down enough to be rendered mathematics. Gods and angels were cast out their chariots and rocks governed by calculus replaced them.

The falling angel was no more, the rising ape aimed for the stars.
 
When the Moon stopped being a goddess or an ethereal being and became a rock that followed the same rules a rock thrown form the ground followed.

That Newton book wasn't the point when the Moon started being a rock. If we're going with front covers I raise you this first published in 1638 which among other things proposed the inevitability of a manned Moon mission:

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" So, perhaps, there may be some other meanes invented for a conveyance to the Moone, and though it may seeme a terrible and impossible thing ever to passe through the vaste spaces of the aire, yet no question there would bee some men who durst venture this as well as the other. ...We have not now any Drake or Columbus to undertake this voyage, or any Dædalus to invent a conveyance through the aire. However, I doubt not but that time who is still the father of new truths, and hath revealed unto us many things which our Ancestours were ignorant of, will also manifest to our posterity, that which wee now desire, but cannot know. Time will come when the indeavours of after-ages shall bring such things to light, as now lie hid in obscurity. Arts are not yet come to their Solstice, but the industry of future times assisted with the labours of their forefathers, may reach unto that height which wee could not attaine to. "
 
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5th Solvay Conference.
700px-Solvay_conference_1927.jpg


17 of the people in this photograph won Nobel Prizes, Marie Curie managed one in two different disciplines.


(I never found out why Emile Noether never got an invite, though she had moved to pure maths by this point in her career. )
In almost every discussion on the history of Quantum Mechanics this conference comes up.
is it just me, or do they all seem to have disproportionately huge foreheads?
 
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These colorful lightning phenomena are aptly known as red sprites and blue jets. They're extremely tricky to capture on camera: The flashes last just tenths of a second and can be hard to see from the ground, since they're generally obscured by thunderstorm clouds.

...

"We've seen a few other instances of similar phenomena, but that was by the best example of a lightning sprite in the upper atmosphere," he told Insider.

...

Red sprites are ultrafast bursts of electricity that crackle through the upper regions of the atmosphere – between 37 and 80 km (23 and 49 miles) up in the sky – and move spaceward. Some sprites are jellyfish-shaped, while others, like the one in the Gemini Observatory image, are vertical columns of red light with tendrils snaking down. These are called carrot sprites.

Stephen Hummel, a dark-skies specialist at the McDonald Observatory, captured a spectacular image of a jellyfish sprites from a ridge on Mount Locke in Texas last July (below).

Sky sprites image 2
 
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