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Coronavirus in the UK - news, lockdown and discussion

I do find these statistics really concerning though given that this weekend is basically the end of lockdown pretty much everywhere. Surely it looks inevitable we're going to get rises all over the place in the coming weeks.

Yes, but that was kind of the plan (or at least accepted) all along wasn't it? The Government wants to avoid a second peak which overwhelm the NHS, they are accepting that numbers are going to go up to an extent but also... the economy.
 
When the situation reaches that of Leicester, it can be tricky to ascertain which are the likely sites of transmission, and which are just spill-over signs of broader community infection.

So here we have the story about people testing positive who work at the Walkers crisps factory, but the company can claim stuff that I cannot prove or disprove with the level of info I have.


Walkers said its own track and trace procedure indicated transmission of the virus was "not in our factory".

"We have seen an increase in the number of confirmed cases, reflecting the situation in the local community and coinciding with the roll-out and uptake of testing," a spokeswoman said.

The company said health authorities supported their view the cases reflect transmission in the community and therefore there was "not a transmission issue on site".
 
Public Health England havent found much in the way of explanations for the Leicester situation, and its not exactly going to inspire confidence that the right places and approach have been identified when they start going on about, well, I'll quote it:

Public Health England (PHE) found "no explanatory outbreaks in care homes, hospital settings, or industrial processes".

Its analysis of cases showed more "young and middle-aged people" in the city had tested positive for Covid-19 than in other parts of the Midlands.

But the spread did not appear to be "unconstrained", it found.

The preliminary investigation said the increase in reported cases could partly be due to a "growth in availability of testing" in Leicester.

 
Are they serious?!
Surge in Leicester cases due to a massive uptake of people there enthusiastically gagging over home tests?
Ah well, never mind then.
 
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Are they serious?!
Surge in Leicester cases due to a massive uptake of people there enthusiastically gagging over home tests?
Ah well, never mind then.

Well, I dont think I can judge. It depends on how 'partly' they think it may be a factor.

And I am still missing important bits of info that would help me judge. Such as the number of tests in each of these locations, not just the number of positives. Because looking at the percentage positive can help compensate for changes over time that are caused by changes to the testing regime rather than the viral reality.

And ideally both us and the authorities should always be combining positive test data with other data such as a variety of indicators from hospitals, so that number of positive tests alone is not the only indicator that can trigger draconian measures. Hancock has mentioned a couple of hospital-related numbers in relation to Leicester so that is one sign of this happening, but I dont know how sophisticated their analysis has been. And I've gone on in the past about local sewage analysis being another very useful sounding indicator, because that avoids the lag that comes with hospital data and wont be skewed by variations in who is getting tested and in what numbers. But I cannot claim to know whether such sewage analysis systems are actually up and running in this country, how local the data is, how timely it is and who is looking at it.

Other questions raised by these uncertainties over the reality in Leicester vs elsewhere are to do with the perils of attempting a bunch of different kinds of contact and local outbreak contact tracing and epidemiological investigations at 'the wrong time/stage of the pandemic' or with too much uncertainty about how to interpret the results. I think I might need to explain this point better anotehr time, but it includes the possibility that so far the authorities have still been mostly used to only spotting the tip of the iceberg, and wont be sure how strongly to react when something approaching the full iceberg starts being spotted from time to time in places where they actually end up looking.

As well as learning how many tests have actually been carried out within the recent time period in all the locations around the country, it would also be helpful to understand what different factors have driven the levels of testing in different places, how much variation in attention different locations have received by the authorities etc. Because its not hard to imagine a scenario where a particular local incident at a specific location receives the attention of the authorities, and in the course of this work they end up spotting a whole level of transmission that is actually going on in plenty of other places too, but hasnt received the attention or been formally measured.

My own observations using data have been limited mostly to hospital & death data until just the last few days, and from that angle Leicester actually stuck out more for a prolonged period earlier on in this pandemic, eg when it came to deaths in hospital and the way the numbers were declining slowly in Leicester, May was more notable than June. I wonder if thats what drew attention and then test capacity/accessible popup test sites to Leicester in the first place, and then because they were actually looking they found plenty of milder cases in this younger cohort that keeps getting mentioned in connection with Leicester. I know I went on about 'seek and you shall find' at the earlier phase of the pandemic where we 'didnt have any deaths because we werent looking for any, and then we looked and soon found some', but I suspect there are other versions of 'seek and you shall find' too. Ones that can happen in these later phases and offer a repeat performance of demonstrating things to the authorities that they should already have known. And in many cases probably did already know/assume/suspect to be the case, but then managed to overlook these assumptions when it came to other aspects of their response/surveillance/triggers.

Anyway I cannot make a solid claim either way, I cannot say that Leceister does not deserve the attention and measures that have been directed at it. Maybe it does and maybe it doesnt. I can say that I feel the picture is too patchy for me to be confident either way.

I suppose there is another simple thing we could do to put the positive tests per 100,000 figure theyve got for Leicester into context. I'm too tired to go looking right now, but I believe there are at least one or two weekly or semi-regular uk numbers published where they estimate/model how many cases they think there were in the uk per week. That number would be expected to be higher than the typical figures they have directly obtained from testing, because its always acknowledged that testing does not come anywhere close to detecting every case, not even vaguely close. So maybe we should compare those modelled numbers to the Leicester number. Then ask ourselves whether authorities should react the way they have with Leicester if the Leicester number is higher than testing has shown elsewhere, but not alarmingly higher than the estimated/modelled sense of where the country is at with its levels of infection right now. Depending on what that number is this paragraph may be making a useless point though, I dont have the number in mind right this second, maybe I will go and look now.

The bit about PHE not having tracked things down to a single massively contributing outbreak setting is not really surprising, this was expected. Because if they were confident that what had been found was loads of cases mostly clustered around a single setting with just a bit of broader leakage, they would have used the very narrow whack-a-mole technique they've used elsewhere before now, rather than feeling the need to take the response to this much broader level. But again whether this has actually been a sensible approach depends really on whether Leiester is the exception or just the first place they've actually looked hard enough to get a truer sense of the picture. And questions on this front can interact with questions about whether we've moved to the right phase of unlocking for the phase of infection levels we actually have in this country right now.
 
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Wales is - far more sensibly - only letting pub gardens reopen from Mon 13th July. And that kind of approach is why they've got a transmission rate far lower than England's. Opening on a Saturday night is sheer fucking stupidity.

 
Wales is - far more sensibly - only letting pub gardens reopen from Mon 13th July. And that kind of approach is why they've got a transmission rate far lower than England's. Opening on a Saturday night is sheer fucking stupidity.


Interesting, I'll continue the conversation over on the pub thread.
 

NHS test and trace was meant to be world-beating, but in my experience it’s been a shambles. I am a paramedic who has been working for the service since it launched, but I have yet to make a single call.

Last week I got an email from NHS Professionals, the largest NHS staff bank in the UK. It said it had almost been a month since the service went live, and thanked me for my “hard work and commitment to date”.

It said: “We already have tens of thousands of people self-isolating and this is down to the hard work of our wonderful tracing team.”

But I’ve done nothing. I’m being paid £18 an hour to sit in front of my computer screen and press refresh every 15 minutes.

It is a scandal that this system has been described as a success, and an embarrassment that an influenza pandemic has been on top of the national risk register in terms of impact and likelihood for more than a decade, yet no real provision was put in place.

NHS test and trace is too little, too late. It seems ridiculous that I, a trained healthcare professional, am being paid to do a job that anyone can do. I don’t understand why it is felt healthcare professionals are needed to read a script over the phone. It’s a waste of money.NHS test and trace has been sold as a “world-beating system”, but everything that could go wrong has. I hope that when this is all over, there will be a massive public and independent inquiry to find out how the UK got it so wrong.
 
And ideally both us and the authorities should always be combining positive test data with other data such as a variety of indicators from hospitals, so that number of positive tests alone is not the only indicator that can trigger draconian measures.
Another useful set of data would be the numbers phoning 111 with symptoms. The testing at home and in test centres is only intended to be done within the first five days of symptoms starting. Many people will be reporting symptoms much later than this.

In my case I got very mild symptoms two and a half weeks ago. I thought it was unlikely to be coronavirus but self isolated for seven days to be on the safe side, by which time all symptoms seemed to have gone. It then came back at the end of last week and I had three nights with increasing difficulties breathing before it eased off. I’ve since spoken to a 111 doctor and a local GP. I gathered from both that there seems to a pattern of people taking a turn for the worse at around day 10 of symptoms. I asked the GP about testing and she said that at this stage it was likely to come back negative but suggested trying to book a test anyway as a positive result would be helpful from their point of view. It sounds like they’re facing an increasing problem with people who think they’ve had the virus and are still having difficulties months later, and without a positive test result the doctors are left with an obvious uncertainty about diagnosis.

I’ve now had the test and as expected it’s come back negative. I’m fairly sure that I’ve got the virus though. The site for booking the test is clear about it needing to be done within the first five days but does in fact allow you to go ahead and book a test anyway. I think that at this stage a positive result would have been meaningful but the negative result doesn’t really say anything at all.

My guess would be that a lot of people, like me, won’t be calling 111 until they start to feel seriously ill, by which time the five day window for home and test centre testing will have closed. If they end up being brought in for observation or being hospitalised then presumably there will be further testing. Otherwise they won’t get tested or their tests are likely to come back negative. Anyway it would be interesting to see some figures for the number of people in this position.
 
Another useful set of data would be the numbers phoning 111 with symptoms. The testing at home and in test centres is only intended to be done within the first five days of symptoms starting. Many people will be reporting symptoms much later than this.

In my case I got very mild symptoms two and a half weeks ago. I thought it was unlikely to be coronavirus but self isolated for seven days to be on the safe side, by which time all symptoms seemed to have gone. It then came back at the end of last week and I had three nights with increasing difficulties breathing before it eased off. I’ve since spoken to a 111 doctor and a local GP. I gathered from both that there seems to a pattern of people taking a turn for the worse at around day 10 of symptoms. I asked the GP about testing and she said that at this stage it was likely to come back negative but suggested trying to book a test anyway as a positive result would be helpful from their point of view. It sounds like they’re facing an increasing problem with people who think they’ve had the virus and are still having difficulties months later, and without a positive test result the doctors are left with an obvious uncertainty about diagnosis.

I’ve now had the test and as expected it’s come back negative. I’m fairly sure that I’ve got the virus though. The site for booking the test is clear about it needing to be done within the first five days but does in fact allow you to go ahead and book a test anyway. I think that at this stage a positive result would have been meaningful but the negative result doesn’t really say anything at all.

My guess would be that a lot of people, like me, won’t be calling 111 until they start to feel seriously ill, by which time the five day window for home and test centre testing will have closed. If they end up being brought in for observation or being hospitalised then presumably there will be further testing. Otherwise they won’t get tested or their tests are likely to come back negative. Anyway it would be interesting to see some figures for the number of people in this position.
And, of course, the narrative around testing will be leading a lot of people to feel they don't want to burden an apparently already overburdened system with "what's probably just a bit of a bug", so lots of people won't get tested for that reason.

Which tends to serve the Government's "Pandemic? What pandemic?" line rather well...
 
The current instructions are quite clear to be fair to them “If you have any of the main symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19), you must stay at home (self-isolate) and get a test.”

Nothing about not burdening the system or trying to decide by yourself if it’s just a bit of a cold or not.

The definition of main symptoms is quite restricted though - high fever, new “continuous” cough and/or changes to taste and/or smell, and therein lies the potential for problems - it’s based on the idea that 90%+ of cases will have at least one of those symptoms, which is starting to look suspect, certainly in terms of asymptomatic and very mild cases.

Out of interest Zahir did you have any of those 3 symptoms?
 
No.

I did have a bit of shortness of breath at night for a few days, but not that different to what I’ve had before with a streaming cold coming on. In hindsight the suspicious bit was then not getting a runny nose at all.
 
This weeks version of the surveillance report is out. Which means we get the latest version of the map and data from pillar 2. Dont ask me why there is no number for a few areas.


Screenshot 2020-07-02 at 14.33.15.png
Screenshot 2020-07-02 at 14.32.04.png
 
The current instructions are quite clear to be fair to them “If you have any of the main symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19), you must stay at home (self-isolate) and get a test.”

Nothing about not burdening the system or trying to decide by yourself if it’s just a bit of a cold or not.

The definition of main symptoms is quite restricted though - high fever, new “continuous” cough and/or changes to taste and/or smell, and therein lies the potential for problems - it’s based on the idea that 90%+ of cases will have at least one of those symptoms, which is starting to look suspect, certainly in terms of asymptomatic and very mild cases.

One question I’d ask about the list of symptoms is at what stage people in fact get them. I certainly had a fever at the weekend and maybe there was some slight change to smell. This was nearly two weeks after the first symptoms though, long after the five day window for the test.
 
What the hell is going on in those hotspots ?

Its a very good question and one they need to find the answer to very quickly. I mean, we can speculate here with a likely degree of accuracy but really definitive answers are needed.
 
Its a very good question and one they need to find the answer to very quickly. I mean, we can speculate here with a likely degree of accuracy but really definitive answers are needed.

Aye, and especially since comparing the week 26 and week 27 data on positive tests per 100k actually paints quite an encouraging picture for much of England. Selfishly, I looked first at KuH, where it has fallen from 22.6 to 3.8. I didn't spot (though wasn't looking closely so may have missed) any other equally big drops, but a lot of places look to be down, and the map (the Figure 9 elbows has screenshotted above) for week 27 shows a lot less orange and red and correspondingly more blue than for week 26. All of which serves to throw the hotspots into even more worrying relief...
 
I'll reiterate the angle that came up last night though - these figures are potentially misleading when they dont take into account the variation in the number of tests actually carried out in these different regions. And since the government still cannot give us figures for 'pillar 2 number of people tested' in total, let alone by area, we lack this context.
 
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