This subject may cover aspects of herd immunity, antibody prevalence, and issues concerning whether this first wave is done, when we might see a second one. Its also an example of what I highly recommend doing in this phase - zoom in!
In this case, I suggest zooming in on aspects of the picture that give clues about who was driving the first epidemic wave, and people can then consider what implications this has for the future. I already mentioned immunity levels in healthcare workers after the first wave, this time I am looking elsewhere. It is often considered that the younger members of society are major drivers of respiratory diseases, even when the greatest burden of ill-health does not fall on that group. Its one of the reasons why, contrary to UK government bullshit, closing schools can be a real difference maker to epidemics.
This is from the last weekly Covid-19 national surveillance report (
National COVID-19 surveillance reports )
The sections based on the main testing regime and hospitalisations and deaths shows the usual pattern where it is figures in the older population that stand out. But when we reach the section on sero-prevalence (antibody testing), something quite different emerges:
The highest adjusted prevalence in all regions is typically found among adolescents and young adults in the 17-29 year old age group (from week 16 onwards, varying from 4.4% in the South East [week 18] to 16.9% in the North West regions [weeks 16-17]). However, in the most recent data from London, the increase is more marked in older age groups suggesting that this population have been affected later. These patterns may reflect differences in behaviour and mixing patterns in the different age groups.
This has implications for who was driving the disease in the last wave, who now has immunity, what impact that may have on the timing and nature of subsequent waves or upticks of other sorts. And there are aspects wee would miss out on entirely if we only looked at levels of antibodies as general numbers for the whole population or by region and not by age.
Other examples of zooming in would be looking at such rates in hospitals, but also doing a lot of work on understanding and beringing under control the transmission of the disease with healthcare settings. What has happened at Weston hospital recently is an example that to me looks like the sort of story that probably played out numerous times during the first peak, but where our testing regime and the severity of the situation at the time obscured our ability to spot and deal with such situations. Now that the overall levels of infection within the wider community are not skyrocketing upwards, there are more opportunities to for these hospital outbreaks to stick out and be dealt with.