Det Supt Andy Cox of the Metropolitan Police said many drivers caught speeding during the early weeks of lockdown did not expect officers to be patrolling near-deserted roads.
"Early on, for some people driving at extreme speeds, they would be really surprised to see us there," he said.
"They would actually come out and say 'we thought you'd be busy dealing with Covid'.
"Maybe some people [tried to take] advantage because congestion was less and thought they'd get away with it."
The highest speeds recorded during the lockdown in London were:
- 163mph on a 70mph road
- 134mph on a 40mph road
- 110mph on a 30mph road
- 73mph on a 20mph road
Trackers based around the capital showed average speeds on many roads were above the limit.
Det Supt Cox said he wanted speeding to be seen "as socially unacceptable" as drinking and driving.
"I see more fatal and more life-changing collisions through speed than I do through drink-driving," he said.
"I think the social conscience needs to change around it to address the issue of speeding because there's not sufficient social condemnation of someone speeding."