Urban75 Home About Offline BrixtonBuzz Contact

How long can a human live unprotected in space?

what was the film where a bunch of space travellers have to transfer themselves from one spaceship to another by holding their breath and jumping out of an airlock? i think in this film they all froze on their way across and had icicles hanging to them when they made it.

Doctor who managed it in four to doomsday.
 
so how would we design a human to withstand vacuum? sphincters for the ears and nose, some secondary eyelids that seal off the eyes but are see through. A third lung that can be kept in reserve by some hyperventilating to fill it with oxgyenated blood. Still not looking at lasting very long though...

Nooooooooo!

Did you actually *read* this thread?
 
I expect it would involve major pain in your guts from the gasses expanding. Most internal tissues have pain receptors etc arranged to generate pain from stretching rather than cutting. This is why high doses of anaesthetics are needed during the initial stages of an operation then reduced once they are through the body wall (at least in procedures on animals). Imagine the worst trapped wind possible...

What about frostbite? fluids boiling off mucous membranes would cause rapid cooling but would this be enough to cause freezing??
 
But - in theory - you could have a very quick jog on the surface of Mars around the equatorial regions in nothing but your undies and survive.

Thing is, the space suits that the lunar astronauts wore not only protected themselves from the temperature but also they were very heavy which prevented them floating off into space as the gravity on the moon is just 16.6% what it is on earth.

No idea what the relative gravity is on mars though, but if it is low you might just float up up and away!
 
I was wondering if someone could operate on the moon in just a facemask which provided air to breathe and weighted shoes to keep them on the deck. Perhaps in a fully covering boiler suit. It would mean the majority of their body would be exposed to the lack of pressure and unfiltered sunlight though.
 
Thing is, the space suits that the lunar astronauts wore not only protected themselves from the temperature but also they were very heavy which prevented them floating off into space as the gravity on the moon is just 16.6% what it is on earth.
Escape velocity on the surface of the moon is 2.4 km/s. That's about 2.5 times the muzzle velocity of a high powered rifle. I don't think you need a heavy suit to prevent floating off into space...
 
I was wondering if someone could operate on the moon in just a facemask which provided air to breathe and weighted shoes to keep them on the deck. Perhaps in a fully covering boiler suit. It would mean the majority of their body would be exposed to the lack of pressure and unfiltered sunlight though.

Still no good - pressurised air in the lungs (needed for breathing) would make them rupture in the vacuum.
 
I had always imagined that man's first foray on the red planet would be rather more august... at the very least, I hope you've prepared something suitably historic to say!

"One small step for man, one short jog for an inappropriately attired Welshman..."

:D:D:D:D where is the like button :mad:
 
Escape velocity on the surface of the moon is 2.4 km/s. That's about 2.5 times the muzzle velocity of a high powered rifle. I don't think you need a heavy suit to prevent floating off into space...

That is interesting, but I recall seeing astronauts bouncing about on the moon and they seemed to bounce a lot. 2.4 km/s is a lot!

Still no good - pressurised air in the lungs (needed for breathing) would make them rupture in the vacuum.

Aha. But the air in their lungs might not be very pressurised, it would just be fed from a face mask a la underwater diving gear. Possibly.
 
That is interesting, but I recall seeing astronauts bouncing about on the moon and they seemed to bounce a lot. 2.4 km/s is a lot!
Bouncing up and down a few feet is not quite the same as floating off into space. If you fired a gun vertically on the moon the bullet would travel far further than on the earth, but it would still fall back down to the ground.

Aha. But the air in their lungs might not be very pressurised, it would just be fed from a face mask a la underwater diving gear. Possibly.
The minimum safe partial pressure of oxygen required for respiration is about 0.16 bar. Even at that pressure, in the absence of the external force exerted by an atmosphere, the interior of your lungs would be forced outward with a pressure of 2.32 psi. That's 2.32 pounds pushing outward on every square inch. More than enough to rip the lungs apart.
 
An update from the Bioastronautics Data Book saying what would happen if you got lobbed out into space without a suit.

Some degree of consciousness will probably be retained for 9 to 11 seconds (see chapter 2 under Hypoxia). In rapid sequence thereafter, paralysis will be followed by generalised convulsions and paralysis once again. During this time, water vapour will form rapidly in the soft tissues and somewhat less rapidly in the venous blood.

This evolution of water vapour will cause marked swelling of the body to perhaps twice its normal volume unless it is restrained by a pressure suit. (It has been demonstrated that a properly fitted elastic garment can entirely prevent ebullism at pressures as low as 15 mm Hg absolute [Webb, 1969, 1970].) Heart rate may rise initially, but will fall rapidly thereafter. Arterial blood pressure will also fall over a period of 30 to 60 seconds, while venous pressure rises due to distention of the venous system by gas and vapour. Venous pressure will meet or exceed arterial pressure within one minute. There will be virtually no effective circulation of blood. After an initial rush of gas from the lungs during decompression, gas and water vapor will continue to flow outward through the airways. This continual evaporation of water will cool the mouth and nose to near-freezing temperatures; the remainder of the body will also become cooled, but more slowly.
http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2012/07/what-really-happens-when-you-get-sucked-out-of-an-airlock/

 
What also happens is that you drift away from the ship in a lazy spiralling fashion, limbs oddly immobile as if the CGI tech couldn't really be arsed.
 
What also happens is that you drift away from the ship in a lazy spiralling fashion, limbs oddly immobile as if the CGI tech couldn't really be arsed.
Unless you got sucked out of a forward facing airlock on a ship undergoing acceleration, such as on approach to docking with a space station, in which case you'd drift away a bit before the ship caught up and bashed into you. At which point you'd bounce off, drift away some more, then be bashed again, and so on. Probably worth checking the airlock is securely locked next time.
 
Unless you got sucked out of a forward facing airlock on a ship undergoing acceleration, such as on approach to docking with a space station, in which case you'd drift away a bit before the ship caught up and bashed into you. At which point you'd bounce off, drift away some more, then be bashed again, and so on. Probably worth checking the airlock is securely locked next time.

That never happens, though.

I wish it did. :(
 
What if you used liquid oxygen, a la The Abyss, instead of gaseous oxygen? Surely then you can be in your undies with just a drivers mask for respiration!
 
I so wish I'd been called "David", just so I could get my 'puter to say "Hello Dave..." every morning. The novelty would never wear off. :cool:
fc,220x200,black.jpg
 
Back to the walking on Mars fantasy...

Unfortunately the surface dust appears to be a super oxide. You really don't want to be kicking that up and getting it on your skin, let alone in the nice moist linings of your lungs (lunar dust is bad enough).

Additionally, a major problem with human missions to Mars is going to be forwards as well as backwards contamination. It's hard to see how we could meet the UN Outer Space Treaty/COSPAR planetary protection requirements; astronauts wouldn't be very effective after being pickled in alcohol, immersed in hydrogen peroxide vapour and then dry cooked in hot nitrogen for a several days.

Despite the apparent hostile nature of the surface of Mars there are doubtless niches that bacteria, etc, could survive in (see the growing discoveries of extremophiles across Earth). Sagan reasoned that contamination of Mars by a single Earth originating microbe could lead to a micro-organism population on Mars comparable to that of Earth within a decade. It may well take longer than that but contamination is pretty much inevitable. How ironic if the only life we discover in the solar system in years to come turns out to be prior contamination from Earth. Then again, perhaps that's how life is kick started around the universe... We now go to great lengths to isolate return samples from the terrestrial environment to avoid contaminating either.

Also (in the case of space, the Moon) we've mentioned intense UV (I think) but a space suit also protects against micrometeoroid bombardment and can provided some shielding for internal organs against particles in the solar wind, eg helium nuclei.
 
Spacesuit failure

There was one incidence of a shuttle astronaut's space suit getting punctured during an EVA by a small rod (part of the suit). Interestingly the hole sealed when the astronaut's blood coagulated with the bar at the site of the puncture. Astronaut didn't notice at the time, probably too preoccupied and excited with the space walk, only wondered about the painful red mark on his hand afterwards.
 
Back
Top Bottom