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Changing the facts
I seem to remember an old wives' tale that rubbed on the chest, chicken fat is a cure for colds.
Goose fat is usually mentioned. But really, any rendered animal fat would do.
It contains all kinds of compounds that act as anti inflammatory agents that easily travel through living tissue.
Fats hold the warmth where applied. That would have been desired /required for poorly folk in a draughty home, especially anyone with a chesty cough.
Although it’s not normally mentioned I reckon onions and other medicinal plants would have been heated in the fat to infuse the fat with the the medicine before application.
And no doubt there would be some crossover between foods preserved in fats that included aromatic herbs and plants, and the fat being scraped off when needed.
Confitting foods is a standard way to preserve food. Add in the rosemary, thyme, garlic, sage, etc and you’ve got a medicinal salve.