Saul Goodman
It's all good, man
Just in case anyone hasn't seen them
I mentioned other things in the description too, and in my last post I clarified that. You've ignored them. You're being a dick as you have form for. *shrug* you'll have to play with yourself. Not enough hours in my life to get dragged into one of your masterbatory discursive wormholes.
What's average speed? Is it conditional on being freely moving traffic and not lowered by queues? If it falls into the 10mph range then we're surely not talking about environments where speed choices come into it, and thus not a helpful metric.Some thoughtful points, thanks.
You are right that it is a trade-off. However the graph of speed against likelihood of injury/death goes up more sharply from 20 -> 30 than from 10 -> 20. The best guess seems to be a fatality risk of 1.5% at 20 mph versus 8% at 30 mph (source - ROSPA pdf).
Also there seem to be stats to show that the average speed of traffic on the London roads is between 10-20mph (depending on time of day/region) so that is a good reason for choosing 20mph as a limit not 10mph.
The pollution argument is a good one, although if that was pushed to it's limit we would increase speed limits to 56mph everywhere (or whatever the figure is). It does seem to be a bit more complex than "30 less pollutuing than 20" though (detail in Guardian here).
It is because on many if not most main roads a 20mph speed limit is excessively low, and by a significant degree. It is a complete overkill, and as such it all but guarantees most drivers are likely to disregard it altogether.
One unsettling fact about the issue of road safety is that anyone who is not campaigning for a full ban on motor vehicles in urban areas is by default accepting a compromise between safety and practicality, and one that will cost lives. Lives which would have been saved by a complete ban on motor vehicles.
The argument that reducing speed limits on all roads to 20 mph invariably makes them safer and therefore is the only logical option is not actually as straightforward as it might seem. Reducing speeds to 10 mph would make the streets far safer still and would probably cut off road accident deaths by more than 90%. Yet I suspect most people would be against imposing a 10 mph limit, because they recognise a compromise must exist between safety and practicality, even if it tragically costs more lives.
So the argument should perhaps be 'which speed limit is the best compromise between safety and practicality', since many of us are likely to agree that there will have to be a compromise somewhere. How do we go about finding that out though? Hell, I don't know. I'm not sure anyone does, or if the perfect speed limit can be proven. That is where discussion about the merits of relative speeds come in.
It is my opinion that on main roads 20 mph is absurdly slow and completely unfit for purpose. And yet I, and indeed a majority of other drivers IME, will voluntarily travel at speeds of 20 mph or even less on smaller residential roads, even when the limit actually allows for 30 mph. Most drivers are actually capable of driving at sensible speeds according to road conditions, though there are always a few dickheads about of course.
It should also be considered that car engine set-ups are not exactly optimised for 20 mph. They are far more efficient and less polluting on 4th gear at 30 mph. Pollution is also a significant factor in premature deaths, and any increase on those might well cancel out the lives saved by blanket 20 mph limits.
Regarding the 'amount-of-seconds-saved' argument mentioned several times upthread, it is far more complex than quoting a paltry 20-second saving for a small stretch of a particular street. Most vehicle journeys will involve several miles, not a few hundred yards. And as most routes in London involve travelling on main roads for much of the journey, those few seconds over a particular stretch of a particular road become many minutes over the entire journey if the main roads are all slapped a 20 mph limit. This will very likely translate as a significant % increase in total journey times across London once every road is 20 mph, which at this rate they will be before long, save a few TFL controlled ones.
I am sure there are very good arguments to be made for 20 mph limits as well. But all I'm saying is that "safer must always been the best overall solution" is not necessarily true in every scenario.
If that's a relatively sharp curve then you either shouldn't be driving at all or you're going much too fast.I disagree with your assessment. There are two junctions, and there is a relatively sharp curve. And a bus stop, and people often cross roads near bus stops.
But what would be the benefit of changing just this short stretch of road to a 30 or 40 limit, when the road each side of it has a 20 limit?
I think your position is that there shouldn't be a blanket 20 limit at all - in which case questions about this particular location are academic.
Well, you're extremely unlikely to get any enforcement until the entire thing is completely disrupted - i.e. the world of purely autonomous vehicles. So until then, if you want to see behavioural changes amongst road users, you probably would be better off pursuing a more cooperative and contextual approach.
There is no meaningful car lobby outside of niche groups totally unrelated to the average driver. Nor is car ownership somehow meaningfully right-wing. And the standard of a reasonable person (cf 'man on the Clapham omnibus') is an integral part of English law.My experience in Loughborough Junction is that the car lobby want nothing that might impede the right of the motorist to use the roads.
teuchter asked you what you mean by "trust relationship" between the "reasonable" person and authority.
There is a whole load of baggage behind what the "reasonable" person is and the "trust relationship"
It's insidiously right wing. It's the why are they having a go at me. Ive worked hard and bought my own car. The police should be out there catching the real criminals. It smacks of Daily Mail.
A 20mph speed limit in London is not a big deal. It's not an monetary extra charge on people, it's not taking away there cars, it's not an infringement on one's personal liberty.
There is no meaningful car lobby outside of niche groups totally unrelated to the average driver. Nor is car ownership somehow meaningfully right-wing. And the standard of a reasonable person (cf 'man on the Clapham omnibus') is an integral part of English law.
If you insist on bringing politics into it, a set of unnecessarily restrictive legislation for no demonstrable benefit is authoritarianism. Not having the faith in people to behave appropriately given the freedom to do so is a right wing hallmark. You'll presumably accept it because you don't like the subject of the action but I bet you wouldn't do so elsewhere.
On a practical level, as mentioned before, there is no hope of meaningful enforcement of anything in the short to medium term so you had better hope to leverage the self-control and positive qualities of ordinary drivers rather than trying to unilaterally apply control on your say so.
Personally I think the typical standard of driving in the UK is generally well intentioned and actually more competent than some might think, but overall insufficient and very much worthy of initiatives to improve it. I think that with a few exceptions like environmental engineering, the only answer is behavioural change through driver education and engagement, and you don't achieve that unilaterally through blunt force - quite the opposite.
There is no meaningful car lobby outside of niche groups totally unrelated to the average driver. Nor is car ownership somehow meaningfully right-wing. And the standard of a reasonable person (cf 'man on the Clapham omnibus') is an integral part of English law.
If you insist on bringing politics into it, a set of unnecessarily restrictive legislation for no demonstrable benefit is authoritarianism. Not having the faith in people to behave appropriately given the freedom to do so is a right wing hallmark. You'll presumably accept it because you don't like the subject of the action but I bet you wouldn't do so elsewhere.
On a practical level, as mentioned before, there is no hope of meaningful enforcement of anything in the short to medium term so you had better hope to leverage the self-control and positive qualities of ordinary drivers rather than trying to unilaterally apply control on your say so.
Personally I think the typical standard of driving in the UK is generally well intentioned and actually more competent than some might think, but overall insufficient and very much worthy of initiatives to improve it. I think that with a few exceptions like environmental engineering, the only answer is behavioural change through driver education and engagement, and you don't achieve that unilaterally through blunt force - quite the opposite.
If that's a relatively sharp curve then you either shouldn't be driving at all or you're going much too fast.
As Gramsci says, it was very visible and very real here recently.There is no meaningful car lobby outside of niche groups totally unrelated to the average driver.
This thread is about London. In London there is no need for a car. There is excellent public transport. Public transport is inherently socialist - it is available to and shared by everyone. Using a private car is all about prioritising your own convenience, at the expense of others. It's also something that is only available to those who can afford it.Nor is car ownership somehow meaningfully right-wing.
Faith doesn't come into it - my observation of what people actually do in the area where I live, where they are given the freedom to drive around seemingly without any enforcement of speed limits is that they drive dangerously. And I don't mean that in the sort of way where I am ticking them off on technical points, I mean in the way that I genuinely fear that I will witness someone getting seriously hurt or worse within view of my front door. It's not people going at 35 in a 30 zone or even 35 in a 20 zone; it's people going 40 and 50 and I suspect in some cases above that. When you can regularly hear tyres screeching as cars turn into a junction on a residential street I think you can conclude that drivers are not behaving "appropriately".Not having the faith in people to behave appropriately given the freedom to do so is a right wing hallmark.
I'm not sure what else I can add. If we're still talking about my initial use of the word daft, I'm happy to consider the possibility that it was the wrong term. But elsewhere in the post I've explained my reasons for believing a 20 mph limit on main roads is too low as clearly as I'm likely to outline them.To summarise in answer to my question your view is that 20mph limit is "overkill" and won't be observed by most otherwise law abiding citizens.
Your other argument is increase in journey times for the motorist. I'm not clear. Are you saying this is a bad thing? A reason not to have 20mph limit?
snowy_again has answered why 20mph limit saves lives.
It should also be considered that car engine set-ups are not exactly optimised for 20 mph. They are far more efficient and less polluting on 4th gear at 30 mph. Pollution is also a significant factor in premature deaths, and any increase on those might well cancel out the lives saved by blanket 20 mph limits.
Regarding the 'amount-of-seconds-saved' argument mentioned several times upthread, it is far more complex than quoting a paltry 20-second saving for a small stretch of a particular street. Most vehicle journeys will involve several miles, not a few hundred yards. And as most routes in London involve travelling on main roads for much of the journey, those few seconds over a particular stretch of a particular road become many minutes over the entire journey if the main roads are all slapped a 20 mph limit. This will very likely translate as a significant % increase in total journey times across London once every road is 20 mph, which at this rate they will be before long, save a few TFL controlled ones.
As well as road safety benefits, it is important to highlight the contribution that 20mph zones can have in
improving air quality, reducing noise pollution and encouraging more physical activity, such as walking and
cycling, by contributing towards a safer environment. The money spent on the schemes can also greatly
improve the residential area.
A recent study 28 calculated casualty rates and the effects of vehicles on air pollution in 30mph zones in Wales.
The researchers then estimated the casualty rate and the impacts of vehicles on air pollution in 20mph speed
limit areas.
Evidence from the study suggested that a default speed limit of 20mph would substantially reduce road traffic
casualties, and at worst would not lead to a direct change in air pollution. However, indirectly, if reduced
traffic speeds encourage people to switch to active modes of travel, such as cycling and walking, there are
likely to be greater reductions in air pollution. The study concluded that health and costs savings are likely to
be substantial, and the costs of implementing 20mph limits are likely to be far lower than the benefits reduced
speeds bring.
It is concluded that it would be incorrect to assume a 20mph speed restriction would be
detrimental to ambient local air quality, as the effects on vehicle emissions are mixed
Although the EPA MOBILE model would indicate that slowing down traffic typically increases emissions, empirical research indicates the opposite in many cases. Research in Germany has shown that the greater the speed of vehicles in built-up areas, the higher is the incidence of acceleration, deceleration, and braking, all of which increase air pollution. German research indicates that traffic calming reduces idle times by 15 percent, gear changing by 12 percent, brake use by 14 percent, and gasoline use by 12 percent (Newman and Kenworthy 1992, 39–40). This slower and calmer style of driving reduces emissions, as demonstrated by an evaluation in Buxtehude, Germany. Table E-1 shows the relative change in emissions and fuel use when the speed limit is cut from 50 kph (31 mph) to 30 kph (19 mph) for two different driving styles. Even aggressive driving under the slower speed limit produces lower emissions (but higher fuel use) than under the higher speed limit, although calm driving produces greater reductions for most emissions and net fuel savings (Newman and Kenworthy 1992, 39 –40).
I'm not so sure looking at it from the angle of who should come first is the most logical approach. That pedestrians are much more vulnerable than people in motor vehicles or on bikes/ cycles is a given. But if the emphasis is on preventing accidents in the first place, then establishing rules and who gets priority shouldn't be about which road user is more vulnerable, but on the stopping distance of the user in question.Because we luckily don't have jaywalking laws in England, and people came before cars?
Have you read the highway code?
The train analogy is not "a bit of a stretch" - it's completely irrelevant. Railways are almost entirely segregated from people's day-to-day urban realm. It's this segregation that allows them to transport people medium-long distances at speed and in London the railways form part of the public transport system which means that anyone can get around the city pretty easily without needing private transport of their own. Level crossings are inherently dangerous and Network Rail is in the process of eliminating as many of them as possible.I'm not so sure looking at it from the angle of who should come first is the most logical approach. That pedestrians are much more vulnerable than people in motor vehicles or on bikes/ cycles is a given. But if the emphasis is on preventing accidents in the first place, then establishing rules and who gets priority shouldn't be about which road user is more vulnerable, but on the stopping distance of the user in question.
The stopping distance of a walking pedestrian is one foot. That of a car travelling at 30 mph is 45 times greater. Do you really think it makes more sense to give right of way to the road user who can come to a full stop within a single second and a single foot over a road user who needs tens of times the distance? It shouldn't be about vulnerability, it should be about simple physics and common sense.
If someone suggested pedestrians should be given priority over trains at level crossings they'd be rightly be laughed off the park. While such analogy is of course a bit of a stretch compared with cars on city streets, the basic concept and the physics are exactly the same. You don't give priority to the road user who is more vulnerable- you give it to the one for whom braking in time to avoid a collision would be far more difficult and lengthy.
Like you say, trains are public transport that everyone can use to speed around London.The train analogy is not "a bit of a stretch" - it's completely irrelevant.
I don't doubt this, and I sympathise. However it's probably sufficiently disconnected from both the behaviour of crowds and compliance with the law that speed limits really don't make any difference. It's into the realms of ASB or non-speed traffic offences, e.g. DWDCA. So a discussion about 20 vs 30 is separate to this.Faith doesn't come into it - my observation of what people actually do in the area where I live, where they are given the freedom to drive around seemingly without any enforcement of speed limits is that they drive dangerously. And I don't mean that in the sort of way where I am ticking them off on technical points, I mean in the way that I genuinely fear that I will witness someone getting seriously hurt or worse within view of my front door. It's not people going at 35 in a 30 zone or even 35 in a 20 zone; it's people going 40 and 50 and I suspect in some cases above that. When you can regularly hear tyres screeching as cars turn into a junction on a residential street I think you can conclude that drivers are not behaving "appropriately".
Just in case anyone hasn't seen them
The first bit is certainly speculation based on a basic understanding of mechanics. Higher revs mean higher fuel comsumption. I have driven many, many different types and models of cars in my life, and without fail every single one of them needed to be medium to high RPMs in 2nd gear to do sustained travel at 20 mph, while all of them travelled comfortably in low reves at 30mph in 4th gear. It is of course possible and even likely that if 20 mph became the norm everywhere, future cars would be released with a gearbox optimised for sustained travel at 20 mph. But that is not the case now.Are you able to offer any evidence for the bits I've highlighted in bold above? Or are they just speculation presented as facts?
If cars are to be tolerated in towns and cities, then you cannot magic away basic facts regarding mass weight, speed and braking distance. Either we ban motor vehicles altogether, or we allow them to be used in urban areas and try to prevent accidents by the most effective way possible. And the most effective way possible is try to avoid a collision by the most logical way, rather than trying to put all the responsibility and all the blame on one party only. Because even at 20 mph there will still be many collisions.Assigning priority according to stopping distance creates a situation where, if one or other party makes a mistake, someone is liable to get hurt. And it will nearly always be the pedestrian who gets hurt. The onus should be on the person creating the danger in the situation to mitigate it. The street is a pretty safe place until someone wants to decide to drive a motor vehicle onto it. The thinking you are outlining is hopelessly outdated, and it's what created the car-dominated town planning that destroyed so many of the UK's town centres, as well as much of the urban environment you see in the USA where in some places you are simply considered a nutter if you want to walk to the shop. The thinking that the 20mph limits come out of attempts to learn from those mistakes.
The first bit is certainly speculation based on a basic understanding of mechanics. Higher revs mean higher fuel comsumption. I have driven many, many different types and models of cars in my life, and without fail every single one of them needed to be medium to high RPMs in 2nd gear to do sustained travel at 20 mph, while all of them travelled comfortably in low reves at 30mph in 4th gear. It is of course possible and even likely that if 20 mph became the norm everywhere, future cars would be released with a gearbox optimised for sustained travel at 20 mph. But that is not the case now.
The evidence - some of which I posted above - simply does not seem to support the idea that a drop from 30 to 20 is likely to increase pollution. It seems that a complicated mix of factors come into play which mean that it's not possible to say there would be a significant change in either direction. I don't think it's a valid reason to object to a lowering of the speed limit. It may be a valid reason to try and reduce the use of speed humps as a traffic calming device though.The first bit is certainly speculation based on a basic understanding of mechanics. Higher revs mean higher fuel comsumption. I have driven many, many different types and models of cars in my life, and without fail every single one of them needed to be medium to high RPMs in 2nd gear to do sustained travel at 20 mph, while all of them travelled comfortably in low reves at 30mph in 4th gear. It is of course possible and even likely that if 20 mph became the norm everywhere, future cars would be released with a gearbox optimised for sustained travel at 20 mph. But that is not the case now.
If cars are to be tolerated in towns and cities, then you cannot magic away basic facts regarding mass weight, speed and braking distance. Either we ban motor vehicles altogether, or we allow them to be used in urban areas and try to prevent accidents by the most effective way possible. And the most effective way possible is try to avoid a collision by the most logical way, rather than trying to put all the responsibility and all the blame on one party only. Because even at 20 mph there will still be many collisions.
Do you believe it is possible for a pedestrian to be hit by a motor vehicle and be the pedestrian's fault?
On authoritarianism. I was specific in saying this was not an infringement of individual liberty, not an extra tax on people or taking away people's right to own a car.
Jay walking is illegal in Germany. Certainly feels like an infringement of personal liberty when told off for doing so.How about we Install traffic light controlled pedestrian crossings at key locations, and make it illegal for anyone to cross the road at anywhere but these locations?
This is not an infringement of individual liberty, not an extra tax on people or taking away people's right to walk or cross the road.
It should be illegal everywhere.Jay walking is illegal in Germany. Certainly feels like an infringement of personal liberty when told off for doing so.
Oh.It should be illegal everywhere.