Yes, early in the Cold war, when it was likely that only the most major/highest value targets were likely to be nuked, there was some obvious thought put in to survivability and continuance but as nuclear weapons technology progressed more rapidly than anyone expected and the yields and numbers of weapons proliferated, the thinking fairly quickly became redundant and really only served to save face or offer a forlorn hope that crews might survive.
The US/Germany developed a strategy that accepted their airbases would all be destroyed in a first strike but then went-on to assume they would simply regroup - The US to their large "ghost" airfields in the Low Countries (essentially just runways/hardstandings with few other facilities that would be brought rapidly to readiness in times of war) and the Germans would operate their new generation of vertical take-off aircraft out of car parks and runway strips. Some of it lumbered-on to the early 1970s but by the late 1960s, it was obvious that the idea had had its day. I think the Harrier was the only aircraft from that generation of thinking to see any service - nothing else got beyond the prototype stage.