May 2008
On Tuesday, the Boston chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace sponsored a talk by Ra’ed Al-Mickawi, director of Bustan. Taking its name from a word meaning "fruit-yielding orchard" in both Hebrew and Arabic, Bustan is an organization fighting for environmental justice in the Bedouin communities of Israel.
Having cultivated low-impact agricultural practices over several generations in Israel’s Negev Desert, Bedouin culture has long been centered around self sufficiency, communal autonomy, and a deep connection to the land. In 1962 the Israeli government began a relocation program, forcing the Bedouins from rural and agriculture rich areas into small, contained urban townships.
David Ben Gurion, Israel’s first prime minister, explained that the goal of this forced relocation program was to eventually clear Bedouins out of the Negev completely, "in order not to disturb development plans." Today, most of Israel’s nearly 200,000 Bedouin reside in seven "recognized" townships constructed by the Israeli government. The rest live in about 45 "unrecognized" villages subject to regular house demolitions and forced relocations.
Those seven "recognized" townships make up what is known as the "Bedouin Triangle." Directly adjacent to the "Bedouin Triangle" are 22 agro and petrochemical factories, an oil terminal, closed military zones where the Israeli military tests new weapons, quarries, cell towers, a power plant, several airports, a prison, two rivers of open sewage. Also adjacent to the Bedouin communities is Ramat Horav, an enormous toxic waste incinerator about which Ben Gurion University epidemiologist Batya Sarov, formerly a specialist at Chernobyl has commented, "The environmental monitoring at Chernobyl was better, and the health risks no more severe."
As a result, the Bedouin community is plagued with extremely high rates of acute and chronic conditions such as asthma, cancer, lung diseases, sleep apnea, miscarriages, and an infant mortality rate three times higher than the national average. Additionally, Bedouins are routinely denied access to basic resources such as water access, municipal garbage removal, or health care. Despite approximately 72,000 Bedouins living alongside high voltage power lines, few have access to electricity.