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Reading recommendations: left in 70's Britain

articul8

Dishonest sociopath
Zero books are about to put out a basically Bennite history of the 70s:
http://www.zero-books.net/books/that-option-no-longer-exists

It puts a left reformist view that an alternative to neoliberalism was possible, based on a kind of left corporatism/AES style package that involved elements of industrial democracy with planning agreements, exchange controls etc.

I'm looking for left critiques of this - from revolutionary syndicalist, autonomist, etc. sources. Any suggestions?
 
Ask Lo Siento. And sihhi has produced an incredibly detailed book length (and i think it will appear as a book) day by day critique of such nonsense - you'll have to ask him for a copy though.

Why do you want a critique - it sounds like it's expressing your views perfectly.
 
John Medhurst of PCS union (Green in Brighton).

We've been having a discussion on it for RP, and it got me thinking about how far Benn represented a genuine threat to the establishment, and how far he was effectively used/tolerated as a safety valve to contain more militant possibilities by re-routing them back in to the Labour party. What could have been done differently? What should be the lessons out of that period etc.

Got me challenging some of my assumptions.
 
Depends what you're after really - a look through the big flame archives (they also have a book on the way) and old stuff from Solidarity and the british stuff from Red Notes is the best bet for a non-orthodox or trot view, but you'll not find many book length things from this perspective that lay stuff out for you in one place - it's scattered small groups and individuals. Which i think is a good thing, as if you go through them chronologically you can get a sense of developments rather than a looking back with 20/20 hindsight. I am away from my books and collections and stuff until tonight but will go through them later or tmw - depending on if we got to the pub tonight or not.
 
" the 1970s saw the ruling elites of Britain challenged at every level, most especially by a Labour left led by Tony Benn"

this would be the tony benn who was in fact in government in the 1970s
 
There were mad right wing forces around at the time who thought Benn was the thin end of the wedge, and opening the door to revolution.
But he was never going to break from the Cabinet and the Labour party.
 
Been reading some of the Big Flame stuff - didn't realise that Paul Thompson (later of LCC and Renewal/Compass) was one of theirs originally. His piece on BF written in early 80s makes the case for entry into Labour, on the grounds that a Bennite reformist government - whatever its limitations - would provide a space to build working class capacity and generate more worked-out demands.

Suppose that is the perspective that follows from the recognition of a downturn. When did the downturn from the height of 70s militancy start? after 74? Seem to remember Militant refusing talk of a downturn in struggle in the 70s and 80s.
 
Depends what you're after really - a look through the big flame archives (they also have a book on the way) and old stuff from Solidarity and the british stuff from Red Notes is the best bet for a non-orthodox or trot view, but you'll not find many book length things from this perspective that lay stuff out for you in one place - it's scattered small groups and individuals. Which i think is a good thing, as if you go through them chronologically you can get a sense of developments rather than a looking back with 20/20 hindsight. I am away from my books and collections and stuff until tonight but will go through them later or tmw - depending on if we got to the pub tonight or not.

Any chance of some more suggestions? Geniunely interested - Lo Siento. sihhi
 
I'm currently writing something up (about changing shop floor politics in the 1960s and 1970s) so I'll give you a reply in a bit. There's a bundle of stuff from the time about what the point of Bennism was and why it wasn't going anywhere, less good stuff published subsequently.
 
Agree with Butchersapron that aside from what groups like Solidarity & Big Flame produced at the time there's not one book that goes into the limitations of Bennite Leftism in that period. What Sihhi's done is a lot more relevant to Bennism as policy than what I've done which is all about where labour militancy in that period came from.

If you want a critique of AES/Bennism as policy and why it failed, then a good place to start is the literature around the 1976 default and why Benn lost. Kevin Hickson's book isn't radical, but it explains in pretty practical terms why at that top-table level it didn't work.

If what you're looking for is not why it lost, but why it would have been a total shambles for workers if it had won, you want to be looking at the forms of "worker participation" that were actually implemented with Benn's (direct) support. Both at British Leyland and Chrysler UK participation not only did the schemes fail but whilst in force they actually further disenfranchised workers and exaggerated existing tendencies toward bureaucratization, and for a variety of reasons the majority of workers at both companies hated them.

For a general sense of why this was the case you need to go back to the 1960s. Basically, in the mid-1960s manufacturing employers get a sense that the post-war boom has come to an end and they're about to enter a phase of intense competition (initially over exports, later imports) and they urgently need more capital investment, rationalization and higher productivity. Co-opting shop bargaining is a big part of this plan, Ford is involving its employees in re-grading schemes in 1967 and lots of other employers are moving toward "productivity bargaining" where you swap pay rises for co-operation on productivity (and of course speed-up, redundancy etc etc.). Long before the political left-wing of capital comes along and start suggesting planning agreements and all the rest, advanced sections of capital are trying to do this for themselves. (dare I say it, Tony Cliff's The Employers Offensive is good on this, especially if you focus on his analysis and not his solutions, there's a reason why the IS sold so many copies to shop stewards and convenors).

Fast forward a bit to workers participation and you've got Benn's schemes at British Leyland from 1975 that followed exactly this logic - industrial democracy as a means of improving profitability - and the result is entirely predictable. Senior stewards got dragged into planning meetings where they helped management raise productivity and agreed to flexible working for the good of the company (because that was the logic of participation...), things they later pretended to oppose in negotiations. I've got some academic report on the planning agreements for the Mini Metro, where Derek Robinson et al. agreed to all sorts of noxious shit in the planning stages - I'll dig out the reference tomorrow - like massive reductions in labour load, new machinery, flexible working etc. More than that you've got key union personnel discussing how to make everyone work harder 12-13 days a month instead of in the factory supporting people. Finally, you've got the problem that most workers weren't interested in managing their own exploitation, particularly when they'd already got substantial control over their pay and conditions. Why the fuck would you want to help run a car factory for the same wages that you got for fitting windscreens? And why would you want your steward sat in the office discussing how much more efficient you could be, rather than next to you standing up for your rights?

So basically exactly what anyone sane would expect to happen under co/self-management where the purpose the planning agreements is for the company to make a profit:

tumblr_mmxjpkDbQl1s2d5k9o1_1280.jpg


(most thorough treatment of the topic currently in existence is an edited vol. of mixed quality - British Trade Unions and Industrial Politics 1964-79, also prob worth looking at stuff for the Meriden Motorcycle Company workers co-op, although I've not looked at it myself)
 
Graham Winch, Industrial relations and Technical Change in the British Motor Industry: The case of the BL Metro is the book about Workers Participation

I've attached the notes index for my thesis for any interested, not all of it directly pertinent, and there's a few dozen things I haven't indexed yet but there might be a few things people will find interesting.
 

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If what you're looking for is not why it lost, but why it would have been a total shambles for workers if it had won, you want to be looking at the forms of "worker participation" that were actually implemented with Benn's (direct) support. Both at British Leyland and Chrysler UK participation not only did the schemes fail but whilst in force they actually further disenfranchised workers and exaggerated existing tendencies toward bureaucratization, and for a variety of reasons the majority of workers at both companies hated them.
not an acedemic work but for a bit of a personal recollection of the time, frank henderson's 'life on the track' is pretty good on this as he was a steward at longbridge throughout the period.
 
not an acedemic work but for a bit of a personal recollection of the time, frank henderson's 'life on the track' is pretty good on this as he was a steward at longbridge throughout the period.
He was IS and their line was that "worker participation" meant management participation in unions rather than the other way round... I've got a cartoon of theirs about it knocking about somewhere...

I do wish his book was a bit longer, because what there is is great.
If you want a longer account of the same issues from a slightly different perspective Alan Thornett has written several books about Cowley in this period (he was SLL/WRP until 1974). The last one "Militant Years" covers all his time at Cowley. The other two From Militancy to Marxism and Inside Cowley are the same material split over 2 books.

Of course there's Huw Beynon's Working For Ford as well.
 
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Rob Reid said:
it wasn't so much us participating in management, it was management participating in unions. In fact you tend to end up with the convenor or the people involved in the committees ending up arguing the company line. At the end of the day they can say "We've negotiated as far as we can go and no further, so you'll just have to accept what we've come up with
Willie Lee said:
We used to have a bad time with the full-time convenors, who had a very bad attitude towards the shop floor. When they came into a section with a problem they were very antagonistic, because they were having a job to do. They didn't ally themselves with the people on the floor they way they used to do when they were just straightforward shop stewards, and I think that with Worker Participation the division will be even worse, because these people will then be in a position - maybe at the moment are in a position in some factories - where they are actually sitting down agreeing with management that there are things that have to be done on the shop floor. They're talking about increased productivity, finance and production, and mapower. And that obviously puts them in a position where the
y are going back to try and make sure that what they agreed is carried out on the shop floor.

Gerry Jones said:
[Convenors] spend much more time away from the plant than they used to. They're given expenses paid trips to the motor show, they have visited the National Exhibition Centre of behalf of the company, and they've been taken on trips to Simca in France and Chrysler in Iran


participation SWP.jpg

All taken from IS's 1975 pamphlet on Workers Participation at Chrysler (they had a handful of members at the Stoke Aldermoor engine plant, including John Worth who was Deputy Convenor for a while, and at Linwood where Peter Bain, the AUEW Convenor, was one of theirs too)
 
But how far were there people around Benn pushing a workers control agenda (or something transitional that could have lead towards one) rather than a left corporatist/ "workers participation" on company boards agenda - eg, eg how would you place the IWC in relation to this?
Hilary's argument is that there was a transitional dynamic in what Benn was upto. But what kind of transition is my question. To another model of capitalism, co-opting more radical pressures? Or what...

And from what I read of Big Flame they were critical of the shop stewards movement - anything on this? Ta for the link to your notes. Has sihhi published stuff anywhere?
 
At the start of this period Maurice Brinton argued in Boslheviks and Workers Control that a more useful distinction could be drawn between management and control, rather than between control and participation. This, along with Solidarity's introductions and footnotes to a translation of Kollontai's The Workers Opposition, are a useful introduction to their perspective on workplace politics. According to Brinton control is quite a slippery concept, which at it's most radical describes worker's capacity to limit management prerogative in a situation of economic dual power. All of which is then linked back to a critical history of the Bolshevik's shifting attitude to the factory committee's after they had seized political power. I think these are both up on libcom and freedom also have some print copies of both still in stock.

I'll have a think about sources for Big Flame other than the soon to be published book mentioned above. Their perspective shifted a bit during the decade. In the mid 1970s some of their members became stewards, although they continued to emphasise the importance of organising shopfloor workers autonomously of the union.
 
This idea was taken direct from Socialism or Barbaraism - Castoriadis specifically. They developed the idea of people who come up with the ideas and people who execute those ideas (note: they came up with the idea :D). This was dirctly tied to their understanding of a crisis free bureaucratic capitalism, one in which organisation was all that really mattered - an idea which died a hard death in the early 70s. Useful idea but only in limited conditions.

edit: i put that workers opp pamphlet on line in the early 2000s/late 90s with the footnotes. Brinton was later - and correctly - very critical of the document seeing it as an example of the bureaucratisation of the revolution and an inner party rather than class fight.
 
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