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"Is Man Just Another Animal?" Professor Steve Jones says...

Evolution - Wikipedia - check "History of evolutionary thought":

Actually I take back what I said about Wiki's dissing of Aristotle. The article does admit that:

"Aristotle did not demand that real types of organisms always correspond one-for-one with exact metaphysical forms and specifically gave examples of how new types of living things could come to be."

But that's still pretty mealy-mouthed praise if you ask me. Aristotle came a lot closer to the truth than Darwin.
 
i have - i have ventured that the question is a taxonomic one and trying to elevate into a philosophical one is just academic masturbation

I know. Truxta's right really. But I seriously do think that all questions are finally philosophical. I think the fact that scientific opinion changes is proof of its untruth.
 
What is a soul?

I suggest three definitions of the soul, each of which is compatible with the others, and all of which begin with the letter "S." Also, each of these definitions has a convenient synonym.

The soul is: (a) spirit (as opposed to body), (b) subject (as opposed to object) and (c) substance (as opposed to appearance).

So (c) means that the soul is the identity of a person (or of anything), the idea being that we not merely are, we are something, and this thing that we are is our soul. Another term for soul in this sense would be "Essence."

And (b) means that the soul is that part of us which acts, rather than is acted upon. We could call it "Will" in this sense.

And (a) means that the soul is whatever in us is not material. We could call this "Mind."
 
There exists the nebulous concept, for many. But how can you say a dolphin hasn't got a soul but Dave has, without nailing down what it is.

Most philosophers would agree that dolphins have souls, just not immortal souls.

The soul is divided into three parts: appetite, emotion and reason. The first two are shared by human beings and animals; the third is uniquely human. Because it does not depend on the body for its existence, reason (nous) is the soul's immortal part.
 
I thought you were an anti-essentialist (in the anti-substance sense), Phil. Surely you reject (c)?
 
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