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Radio Caroline @ 60

Well, they are actually 60 next month, having launched on Sat 28th March 1964.

I first discovered them as a kid in around 1975/6, never expected to still be listening to them nearly fifty years later, in my 60s.

The old lady had been a big influence on me, and not just in musical terms, but festival terms, plus they talked about equals rights with no prejudice on the basis of race or sexual orientation, and environmental issues, long before these subjects became more main stream.

It resulted in me becoming involved in pirate radio, both as a 'hobby' in the UK, and as full-time jobs in Ireland, where I met and/or worked with many of the Caroline team.

ETA - this was the first station ID heard, 'from a point at sea, to the circles in your mind, this is the new Radio Caroline', and I was hooked!

 
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A few memories of Caroline when they were still at sea.

I certainly remember waking up on the 20th March 1980 and finding they were off air, they had been saying how rough it was on air the night before, so it wasn't that unusual in those days that they would have some equipment failure after a major storm, but I wasn't expecting to see this front page when a went to lunch that day.

Clever headline, as the ship was called the 'Mi-Amigo'.

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Everyone assumed that was the end, but those of us working at ABC Radio in Tramore (seaside resort) in County Waterford knew a new ship, the 'Ross Revenge', was being fitted out in Spain, in typical chaotic Caroline style a dispute with the American backers was delaying things, because Robin Ross contacted us from Spain to see if we had any jobs going.

Funny enough we had one coming up, so Robin came to join us for a few months before one day he got the call that he was urgently needed back in Spain, as the ship was now ready and about to sail, he left us the next morning, leaving us in a bit of shit TBH, but we didn't mind. This started a long connection between the two stations, as Caroline DJs would often come and holiday with us during shore leave, staying in the staff house, and many of our DJs ended-up out on the ship at various times.

Anyway, my old mate Robin is featured in this report of their return.



Having transmitted on and off since 1964, the unthinkable happened in 1989 when armed Dutch authorities illegally raided the ship, removing transmitter and studio equipment, plus records and anything else they needed to operate.



Caroline limped back on air soon after, but on much reduced power from a transmitter thrown together with spare parts they had managed to hide during the raid. However, they had lost the income from the Dutch music station that shared the ship and used one of the AM/MW transmitters, and also from the Dutch operated 'World Mission Radio', which transmitted American and Dutch evangelist programmes on a short-wave transmitter.

The English Caroline service had little advertising of their own, but that also dried up, resulting in the station going off air, a skeleton crew remained onboard, whist Ronan O'Rahilly tried his best to raise more funds, until they were shipwrecked on a sandbank in 1991, and finally towed into Dover harbour, ending their offshore days.



The Ross Revenge is currently anchored on the River Blackwater in Essex, and is used for live broadcasts one weekend each month, when they hook up with Manx Radio and takes over their AM transmitter broadcasting as Radio Caroline North, as in the 60s they had a second ship off the Isle of Mann.

The main album music service transmits on 648AM in eastern England, ironically from a former BBC World Service transmitter site, and on various local DAB multiplexes. Of course, they are also online, together with their other full-time 'Caroline Flashback' service, which plays pop music from the 60s, 70s and 80s.
 
There's a good article here about the station.

From when their first ship was being fitted out in Greenore, Ireland.

While Swedish and British broadcast technicians were busy installing radio transmitters on the ship, others were buying up the entire stock of a small record store, and large quantities of baked beans, track shoes, and copper wire from bemused local shop-keepers.

The Dutch crew and English and Canadian disc jockeys took turns in painting the ship and building an onboard studio. Inquisitive visitors were kept away by security guards who told them it was a maritime research vessel whose tall mast would help it find deep-sea sponges! But local pubs were full of speculation about spies, smuggling and even the terrorist Irish Republican Army whose violent revival was still five years away from what became the 30-year “Troubles” across the border in Northern Ireland.

The rumours were stoked by the ship’s “discreet” night-time test transmissions which managed to interrupt television reception in the sleepy Greenore village and even once had the harbour lights blinking comically in time to the music. It soon became a race to get the ship ready before journalists worked out what was really happening at the old port that even locals had almost forgotten about.

:D

It goes on to describe how Ronan O’Rahilly basically stole the idea from Alan Crawford, a music publisher, who only discovered what had happen when his ship turned-up at the port to find O’Rahilly had got their first, with his own ship, and that's when the fun and games started.

The reality of unexpected competition from Crawford’s ‘friend’ only dawned on the Aussie music publisher when his Radio Atlanta ship, the Mi Amigo, reached Greenore in March 1964. It had been beaten there by a larger ship, the ice-strengthened former Danish ferry Fredericia, which had been bought in Rotterdam by Chris Moore for £20,000 and was now emblazoned with the name Radio Caroline. Crawford was astonished – and angry.

O’Rahilly was waiting nervously on the dockside, ready to calm down the Aussie by proposing that the two radio ships could work together to reach the whole of the UK. But what became an amiable enough meeting – followed by excited late-night discussions in the bar of the nearby Ballymascanlon Hotel – only signalled the start of sabotage involving cut wires and transmitter crystals and tape decks stolen from the Mi Amigo.
Crawford’s careful planning and his well-equipped ship (which had previously operated as Radio Nord in Scandinavia for several years) was the envy of the O’Rahilly team who repeatedly plundered it. Crawford’s anger at what he described as the “Irish mafia” was repeatedly met by feigned shock and promises to behave. But O’Rahilly’s own role included insistence by his friendly harbour master that Radio Atlanta leave the port during a storm, which almost wrecked the ship and, crucially, delayed its fit-out. It all helped ensure that O’Rahilly’s ship became the first to sail – and to start the radio revolution that Crawford had been planning for more than two years.

:D

Six weeks later, Radio Atlanta arrived at its North Sea anchorage alongside Radio Caroline. Within a few months, the two stations did merge to become Radio Caroline South (the former Radio Atlanta, off the UK’s East Coast) and Radio Caroline North (between the Isle of Man and Liverpool in the North West). But, after months of “shared” management, O’Rahilly took control, amid Crawford’s complaints of being outdone by the “Irish mafia”. Within a year, the merger had become a takeover by the young Irishman.

And, typical smoke and mirrors from the old blagger...

O’Rahilly’s experienced business backers winced as they read euphoric interviews in which the supposed millionaire boasted of having made a fortune from a radio station that was, in fact, still making losses after 12 months of apparent success.

O’Rahilly had never been primarily interested in profits – and it showed. With running costs that started at £5k and soared to £10k per week, Radio Caroline made real profits only for two years, 1965 and 1966. Before then, the station’s losses were met from the initial Ross-Sheffield funding. In the two peak years, annual revenues were an estimated £800-900k – more than double that in 1964 – from advertising rates that reached £160 per minute. There were profits too from ‘pay-for-play’ deals with record companies, programme sponsorship, and lucrative £150-a-time late-night religious broadcasts by American evangelists.

£850k in 1965 is equal to £13.7m now! :eek:

 

I had a tour of the ship some years back, when it was in Tilbury Docks, having seen the old Laser 558 ship tied-up in Harwich before, I was surprised just how much bigger the Ross Revenge was, but then it was the queen of the British fishing fleet back in the days of the cod wars with Iceland.

Those acting as tour guides go into great detail about her fascinating history, both as a fishing vessel and as home to Radio Caroline, she's listed on the National Historic Ships register.

ROSS REVENGE was built for Icelandic owners, but sold on Ross Fisheries in 1963. Thereafter she operated from Grimsby, bringing in record catches and then took part in the final Cold Boat [? I think they mean Cod War], ramming an Icelandic gun boat.

After the collapse of the UK fishing industry she was awaiting scrapping in Cairnryan but was purchased by Radio Caroline and taken to Santander to be converted to a radio broadcasting ship. The tallest mast ever placed on any ship was put on her to facilitate broadcasting. In her radio role she stayed permanently at sea from 1983 to 1991.

The vessel was shipwrecked in 1991 and brought to Dover harbour in very poor condition. Volunteers paid the salvage costs and started to make repairs which are ongoing today. There has been no outside funding. Donations to the value of £250.000 have been raised and spent since 1991.

Update, January 2023: A charity, MV Ross Revenge (Home of Radio Caroline) has been established, and a fundraiser set up to raise funds for the dry docking and ultimately restoring of the vessel to working order.
 
Posted on the Museum of Youth Culture FB page...

On 28th March 1964, with their words having been pre-recorded since they were too nervous to broadcast live, Chris Moore and the then unknown actor Simon Dee announced ‘This is Radio Caroline on 199, your all day music station.’

So began Radio Caroline a pirate radio station circumventing the BBCs monopoly of music broadcasting from ashore the South of England.

Radio Caroline ship, The Mi Amigo aground on Finton Beach, Frinton-On- Sea, Essex, UK, January 1966.

Collected from David Kindred as part of Grown Up In Clacton.

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i just saw a news clip from 2017 that still had Caroline broadcasting from a boat....why have they still got a boat? :D
 
i just saw a news clip from 2017 that still had Caroline broadcasting from a boat....why have they still got a boat? :D

It's anchored on the River Blackwater, they broadcast from it one weekend a month for the pop-up 'Radio Caroline North' service, which is arranged with Manx Radio to go out on their AM & DAB outlets, as in the 60's they had a second ship anchored off the island. Regular boat trips take people out for tours, that includes talks on her history both as a trawler and as the last offshore pirate radio ship.

The ship itself is being slowly being restored, and is subject to a fund raising appeal to dry-dock her to finish the job, £200k has been raised so far, enough to apply for additional funding from the likes of the National Lottery. She's listed on the National Historic Ships register, because it's an historic trawler as well as being home to Caroline, the hope is to get a more accessible mooring, with much more tours, including for the likes of school parties.

 
It's anchored on the River Blackwater, they broadcast from it one weekend a month for the pop-up 'Radio Caroline North' service, which is arranged with Manx Radio to go out on their AM & DAB outlets, as in the 60's they had a second ship anchored off the island. Regular boat trips take people out for tours, that includes talks on her history both as a trawler and as the last offshore pirate radio ship.

The ship itself is being slowly being restored, and is subject to a fund raising appeal to dry-dock her to finish the job, £200k has been raised so far, enough to apply for additional funding from the likes of the National Lottery. She's listed on the National Historic Ships register, because it's an historic trawler as well as being home to Caroline, the hope is to get a more accessible mooring, with much more tours, including for the likes of school parties.


thats amazing... Id love to do a tour

eta: Radio Caroline
£30 a go.... I was just in Mersea earlier this year i wish id known
often up that way though
 
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thats amazing... Id love to do a tour

I went on a tour of her some years ago, when she was still in Tilbury Docks, and when she was being used for one of those special 28 day RSL, restricted service licence, broadcasts.

It is a fascinating tour, she holds the record for the biggest landed catch in the UK, and was involved in the Cod Wars, once being 'arrested' by Icelandic gun boats and put under tow, but they cut the tow ropes, turned tail, and out run the gun boats. :D

Boat trips depart from West Mersea, Essex, 20 mins each way, plus an hour and a half tour, and cost £35.00.

We are delighted that our trips to visit and tour Ross Revenge have been awarded a Travellers' Choice 2023 Award by Tripadvisor. A Travellers’ Choice award is given to accommodations, attractions and restaurants that consistently earn great reviews from travellers and are ranked within the top 10% of properties on Tripadvisor.

This update was posted a few days ago, after the 60th birthday broadcast from the ship over the recent Easter weekend, the profits from 60th birthday T-shirts are going to the Ross fund, needless to say I have one on order!

ROSS REVENGE CHARITY – UPDATE AND NEW TOTAL​

FUNDS TO DATE​

When we last reported, £131,000 had been raised after the initial Crowdfunder Campaign. Since then more donations have regularly arrived and we have gratefully accepted bids for items of memorabilia that we keep discovering.
Thus the total has reached £200,000.
Better still due to pledges recently made totalling £15,000 and an estimate of income over Easter, we now set a new target of £250,000.

COSTINGS​

At the point of seeking Lottery or other external funding, questions will at once be asked of costings for goods or tasks that we know will be required and which can be discovered in advance.

ANODES​

All ships have or should have sacrificial metal anodes firmly attached to the hull so that the anodes decay and the hull thus does not.
Sacrificial Anode

Messrs M.G Duff are the major supplier of such goods and they have quoted us a figure a little under £10,000 for 50 anodes which will if properly attached, protect the hull for a decade. The placing of these items is a science and skill that we do not possess. If we place an order M.G.Duff will send a chart showing just where the anodes should be affixed. We will now ask for a pro forma invoice.

PAINT​

Paint Spraying

A surveyor we have engaged has calculated the square footage of the hull from the keel to the top of the bulwarks, also the area of the rudder and propellor.
This has enabled Jotun Marine Coatings to calculate the amount of primer and top coat needed. The amount is 1700 Litres at a cost of £18,000 which by our calculation is less than half price. This being so the surveyor will now be asked to measure the area of the inner bulwarks, steel decks and superstructure in the event that we are able to increase the order.

TOWAGE​

When nobody was paying us any attention, we have towed Revenge with tug boats having only 400 horsepower and the voyages were successful. Those happy days have ended, regulations are tighter and fuel costs have become enormous.
GPS Avenger

General Port Services who we have used before have quoted for a 'top of the range ' tow using their vessel GPS Avenger, having 4000 horsepower. The price is £18,000 from Bradwell to Lowestoft and £29,000 to Hull. Remember, that is just one way and we need to come back. Again we will ask our surveyor how much pulling power is actually required, which will be accepted by the various agencies who will decide if we can depart. Maybe those costs can thus be reduced.

INSURANCE​

Revenge has insurance but only to stay anchored in a fixed position. We paid an additional £500 for cover from Tilbury to Bradwell. With the passage of time and the fact that the Tilbury departure was only one way, we estimate 'from' £3000 to cover the next voyage.

ULTRA SOUND​

Something we very much need to know is the thickness of the existing metal of the hull. The fact of Revenge having been built for such heavy duty work and that the owners specified thicker plating still, may work in our favour. We can have the metal ultra sound tested internally and externally in critical areas, also testing the sea chests and air bottles, for a modest £1000 as the surveyor is local and semi retired and he does tasks that interest him as a paying hobby.
This work will be done in April and frankly, we do not know what will be revealed.

QUALIFIED SURVEYING​

In order to be allowed to leave Bradwell, Revenge will need to be put in to fit condition where a qualified surveyor having specified all tasks required and having confirmed them as having been done, will be prepared to issue a Towage Certificate. Without this none of the relevant marine agencies would let us leave and no tug skipper would take us. We have some experience of this from our preparations at Tilbury. It would be good to think, though it may be hopeful, that a one day survey may identify all requirements and a return visit to inspect the work. We cost this at £6000 + £3000 more for every additional day.

HULL PREPARATIONS​

Water Blasting

The days of chipping hammers and needle guns are over and grit/sand blasting is falling out of favour. Dry blasting is mostly prohibited for health reasons. The new process is ultra high pressure water blasting. Not like the pressure washers one can buy from hardware shops, but a stupendous amount of pressure, deadly if you get in the way of it, but capable of removing all paint, rust and weed growth. A company, Tech Coatings are looking at this task but as it is for them a very big job they need to bring in another firm to assist. We do not as yet have a price.

HOUSE KEEPING​

Ladder

We could choose and carry out random tasks on board, but as mentioned above these need to be prioritised by a professional. But now that better weather is approaching, some running repairs need to happen. A reliable means of boarding has been established with a rebuilt and strengthened ladder and steps for the tender for those who are not as agile as they once were.
Batteries

Of our many generating sets one is the generator of last resort, a big and old Lister Diesel indestructible and built like a brick 'outhouse'. The start batteries had failed and may have been shorted out by debris falling on them from above. We've made a battery box with a lid, with the new batteries placed clear of the cold concrete floor. Lead acid batteries do not like being cold. The Lister now runs.
The power alternator on our Blue Perkins genset failed beyond repair. A new alternator has been obtained at reasonable cost and installed and the Parkins is useable now only that it needs a new exhaust box.
The massive M.A.N V12 generator has stood idle for decades, but since it is there it may as well run. There is a long story concerning this engine that will keep for another time, but work has commenced to make this useable, even for short periods.
When time permits we then start on the air compressors in the engine room as DC power is required and the Deutz and M.W.M generators are air start and presently we have no air.
This is our situation as of April 2024.
 
Just trying to understand the legislation that took them off air in the 60s

In 1967, the UK Government enacted the Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967, outlawing advertising on or supplying an unlicensed offshore radio station from the UK

I'm very slightly confused how the UK could legislate for something that occurred outside of UK jurisdiction. Obviously they were unable to do anything about the ships themselves for that very reason but somehow they could stop ad agencies?
 
Just trying to understand the legislation that took them off air in the 60s



I'm very slightly confused how the UK could legislate for something that occurred outside of UK jurisdiction. Obviously they were unable to do anything about the ships themselves for that very reason but somehow they could stop ad agencies?

The act made it illegal to advertise on, supply or promote them, and for British citizens to work on any offshore station.

Caroline was the only one to carry on after 14th Aug '67, with a small income from plug records and the odd overseas ad, before running out of money in March '68, when the Dutch supply company towed both ships into Holland.

When they came back in the 70s, and again in the 80s, the main income came from hiring airtime to Dutch stations and religious broadcasters, followed by the 'Caroline Roadshows' (no one could work why those were allowed to take place without action being taken), plug records, and the odd overseas ads.

At it's peak, the Ross was operating three stations - a 24-hour English service on one AM frequency, another AM outlet had a Dutch daytime service, followed by the God squad, then a second alternative English service filling the late and overnight hours. With 'World Mission Radio' going out on short-wave!

Small tenders would smuggle out supplies and staff on fishing boats from various ports in Essex & Kent, larger tenders would sail from ports in Belgium and France, which was also illegal, bringing in particular diesel and water amongst the smaller stuff and staff. Greenpeace's 'Rainbow Warrior' supplied them on occasions too.

The Caroline organisation always claimed they were supplied from Spain, the only European country that hadn't got around to introducing any anti-pirate radio law, but that was total bullshit!
 
The act made it illegal to advertise on, supply or promote them, and for British citizens to work on any offshore station.

That's what confuses me. It's basically saying it's 'illegal' to do something that's 'legal' in another country. Albeit, it's not another country, the ship is in nobody's country - so I don't get how that law works. I mean evidently it does somehow because the Dutch also did a similar law a few years later, but why not then why not just set up an agency in another jurisdiction other that Britain? Like how companies avoid tax. Someone needs to explain this to me like a 10 year old.
 
That's what confuses me. It's basically saying it's 'illegal' to do something that's 'legal' in another country. Albeit, it's not another country, the ship is in nobody's country - so I don't get how that law works. I mean evidently it does somehow because the Dutch also did a similar law a few years later, but why not then why not just set up an agency in another jurisdiction other that Britain? Like how companies avoid tax. Someone needs to explain this to me like a 10 year old.

I'll try! :D

Basically it was just down to big advertisers not wanting to piss off the UK government, when Caroline continued after the Act, they were hoping international companies would still place ads via other countries, but largely it didn't happen.

There were some exceptions at various points, such as Virgin Atlantic, Newsweek sponsoring the news, but mostly it was smaller overseas businesses such as hotel resorts, and little known products. Although some UK record companies paid cash for plays of new releases, which helped them to get in the charts, and then get picked-up by legal stations.

The various Dutch stations that hired airtime seemed to do a lot better with Dutch companies advertising, despite their law, but rarely anything from the big international advertisers.
 
I'll try! :D

Basically it was just down to big advertisers not wanting to piss off the UK government, when Caroline continued after the Act, they were hoping international companies would still place ads via other countries, but largely it didn't happen.

There were some exceptions at various points, such as Virgin Atlantic, Newsweek sponsoring the news, but mostly it was smaller overseas businesses such as hotel resorts, and little known products. Although some UK record companies paid cash for plays of new releases, which helped them to get in the charts, and then get picked-up by legal stations.

The various Dutch stations that hired airtime seemed to do a lot better with Dutch companies advertising, despite their law, but rarely anything from the big international advertisers.

Thanks! I've never really understood how, with so much money at stake, this effectively ended the hey day of the offshore pirates and how a workaround wasn't found with ad agencies just setting up a shell company in another place but then I'm no expert on the matter. Maybe there was too much at stake in the grand scheme of things to risk prosecution. Presumably also Radio 1 setting up within weeks of the law coming into force would've also had a significant impact on listening figures anyway.
 
Thanks! I've never really understood how, with so much money at stake, this effectively ended the hey day of the offshore pirates and how a workaround wasn't found with ad agencies just setting up a shell company in another place but then I'm no expert on the matter. Maybe there was too much at stake in the grand scheme of things to risk prosecution.

It could easily have happened, but just didn't.

Presumably also Radio 1 setting up within weeks of the law coming into force would've also had a significant impact on listening figures anyway.

That would have impacted, as they hired many of the most popular offshore DJs, but 'Needle-time' restrictions limited how many records they could play, resulting in much more talk, and certain hours shared with Radio 2, so there was still an audience for Caroline in the 60s.
 
If I ruled the world (imagine that) I'd sell HMS Belfast for scrap and use the money to fix up the Ross Revenge and park her up in that same spot on the Thames right by tower bridge on the condition Caroline broadcast from there forever forth (plus would turn a space below deck into a nightclub).
 
Popped into my barbers earlier, I normally turn up just before my appointment, and I've noticed some good background sounds, but I never hear much, before my shearing starts.

Today my appointment was with the owner, and he spotted my 'Powered by the Sun...Sweet Caroline'* T-shirt, and said that's what is playing as the background sounds, apparently he only re-discovered it about 6 months ago, and now he has always got Radio Caroline on both in the shop and at home. He summed it up as - great music, presenters that actually knows their music, no inane chat, no news, and hardly any ads - and that's why it's my station of choice too.

Anyway, I think I shocked him with my inside knowledge, especially when he said one presenter had mentioned he was broadcasting live from Sussex, and I piped-up, 'oh, that's Gary Ziepe, he's got an amazing studio set-up in his spare room, at his home in a village just down the road.' Then I described how many of the shows come from similiar set-ups across the UK, Ireland, France, Holland, Italy, and even the US, and how they just connect remotely to the main studio in Chatham, he was well impressed.

I know people that have heard it being played in shops, etc. in their AM coverage area, but it's the first time I've heard it played in a Worthing store.

* that T-shirt was produced for those that chipped in to pay for the 25Kw solar array to be installed at their AM transmitter site, they used to have a jingle in the offshore days saying. ''Flying to the Sun...Sweet Caroline', and they got that re-sung as 'Powered by the Sun...Sweet Caroline'.
 
thats amazing... Id love to do a tour

Heads up for you and anyone else interested in the ship -

Ross Revenge will be featured in an episode of Abandoned Engineering season 13-1 called ‘Pirates of The North Sea’ on Monday 10 June at 8 pm on the Yesterday tv channel. The programme includes an interview with legendary Radio Caroline presenter Nigel Harris.

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Heads up for you and anyone else interested in the ship -

Ross Revenge will be featured in an episode of Abandoned Engineering season 13-1 called ‘Pirates of The North Sea’ on Monday 10 June at 8 pm on the Yesterday tv channel. The programme includes an interview with legendary Radio Caroline presenter Nigel Harris.

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Thanks for the heads up... I don't have a TV but I've just seen you can stream Dave And Yesterday here UKTV Play - Stream FREE On Demand
I still doubt I'll watch it live though :D but looks like theres a replay function on UKTV PLAY:oldthumbsup::oldthumbsup:.
 
cupid_stunt You may also like this which I watched on YouTube the other day (if you haven't already seen it) - featuring Radio Caroline among others.



Thanks for posting, as usual with these video I spotted a few minor things he got wrong, but overall a fairly good documentary.

The rather young Tony Benn, as the Postmaster General, is featured banging on about closing the offshore pirates in the 60s, years later he admitted to listening and enjoying them!
 
Thanks for the heads up... I don't have a TV but I've just seen you can stream Dave And Yesterday here UKTV Play - Stream FREE On Demand
I still doubt I'll watch it live though :D but looks like theres a replay function on UKTV PLAY:oldthumbsup::oldthumbsup:.

Yeah, they have the first 12 seasons up on there, so I expect they'll add this programme after it airs next week.

I've just watched S2 E2, it starts with a report on the old WW2 anti-aircraft forts in the Thames Estuary, I've always been a bit fascinated with them, various pirate stations used them in the 60s, but strangely they don't mention their second life in the programme.

 
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