You'd think with the widespread use of overhead wires on railways for many decades in scores of countries around the world that it actually wouldn't be especially hard to install a functioning system in the UK that wasn't liable to such disasters. There's only so far the typical excuse of "we built the railways first so everything is old" will cut it.
"Perhaps we should design the pantograph so that if it breaks it retracts, a kind of 'fail safe' if you will"
"No fuck that"
"OK"
The pantographs have an "ADD" feature - which if the smooth run encounters problems , they automatically drop down , trouble is at any speed once the pans drop , the damage has been done. Even a 5 mph pan drop in a siding can cause significant damage ,so imagine what a 125 mph run does.
All sorts of things around - some newish trains has "Panchex" which report back by GSMR on the state of the overhead , the newish Thameslink trains have cameras and a light on the pan area so that checking can be done easily. There are overhead line and other infrastructure checking trains that cover the network regularly and try and pre-empt issues. So not as if nothing is done. (and as an ex Operator , not an engineer by any means ,I approve of this)....
Dealt with all sorts of pan issues - back in the day , with a stalled train , an emergency ladder would be used , mindful of the 9ft rule of live overheads , (25kV is unforgiving and can flash over) - found branches , dead birds and one one never to be forgotten incident at Wembley , some allotment covering sheets which had blown over and got entangled , damaged badly the OLE , flashed over, and the burning sheets then landed on an unprotected cable run , started a fire and knocked out the signalling as well.
I believe just as many issues overseas as well. The Netherlands had a bad one the other day where a train load of eco-cars for shipment via Vlissingen had a car boot burst open , hit the live overheads ,brought the lot down and arcing started a fire which burnt out about 50 cars and shut the line for an eon.