Shield Tactics
Objectives
To provide protection from attack by missiles thereby enabling police officers to effectively contain, disperse or arrest members of a riotous crowd. Additionally for effecting entry into buildings or mounting staircases under hostile attack, overcoming violence or people suffering from Acute Behavioural Disturbance or recovering injured persons.
Methodology
The deployment of protective shields is now generally acknowledged by the public as being the normal response when disorder has reached unacceptable levels and police officers come under attack or are likely to come under attack from missiles. The shields currently in use fall into three categories - long, intermediate, and short.
Where persuasive attempts at peaceful resolution have failed then the command strategy should be directed towards making the crowd feel so insecure that they disperse. That is the object of all shield manoeuvres whether they are attempts to outflank or direct frontal offensives. When a feeling of insecurity erodes the will of the crowd the situation improves dramatically. (A good Commander is one who is sold neither on the slow defensive tactics of the long shield nor on the fast moving and constantly advancing shield line. They are Commanders who shrewdly combine the two.)
The effective development of shield formations depends on an understanding of three basic areas of activity.
Containment
| Dispersal
| Arrest
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Containment is necessary:
To prevent disorder in one area spreading to a number of other areas.
To gain time and enable reserves to be mustered.
To protect a vulnerable area.
As a prelude to dispersal.
| Dispersal is necessary:
To break the resistance of the crowd and to ensure that they leave the area.
To give the police the initiative.
To remove persons from the scene and/or effect arrests.
To protect innocent persons caught behind the crowd lines.
As the only real way to quell serious disorder.
| Arrests are necessary:
- To obtain evidence.
To remove ‘ringleaders’.
To increase crowd insecurity by eroding their morale.
To reduce crowd- generated excitement and momentum.
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Long Shields
Long Shields tend to attract missiles and are generally deployed when missiles have already been thrown. They can be used for containment of riotous crowds and may allow police to slowly gain and hold ground. They may also be used for effecting entry into buildings or mounting staircases under hostile attack, overcoming violence or people suffering from Acute Behavioural Disturbance, and recovering injured persons.
Short Shields
Short Shields afford less protection but allow a fast fluid response by police, which enables the initiative to be taken away from the crowd. The shield is carried in one hand leaving a hand free to make an arrest or use a baton and its lightness does not quickly induce fatigue.
The Intermediate Shield
The Intermediate Shield is essentially a compromise between the more cumbersome long shield and the lighter short shield, which combines some of the attributes of both.
Integrated Shield Tactics
This enables the understanding of formations to be linked together to achieve an objective. These should also be practised until proficiency is achieved before moving to exercise training where additional pressures are added. The inclusion of Officers involved in Bronze/Silver and Gold Commander training would benefit from participating at this stage of the training.
A number of tactics are listed below although it is not a definitive list. The decisions as to which tactic to employ are made by the Silver/Bronze Commander based on the level of threat and topography of the area.
Frontal Assault
The threat is directly challenged by the most appropriate means, for example, barricade removal and running line(s) to disperse the crowd, thus achieving the tactical objectives.
Flanking Movement
As an alternative to a direct frontal assault on the barricade, police converge on one or both sides of the crowd as a softer target, again dispersing the crowd and establishing a safe route.
Pincer Movement
Police advance simultaneously against the two flanks and the front of the hostile crowd in this co-ordinated tactic, in order to drive the crowd back in one direction and thereby achieving their objective.
Attack Against Their Rear
Police advance against the rear of the crowd, to achieve dispersal and a clear route to the objective.
Tactical Withdrawal
Police withdraw seemingly as a sign of weakness to entice a hostile crowd to follow, thereby leading them away from their established position or drawing them into a position, which is advantageous to police. e.g. where they could be dispersed or arrested. This tactic may also be deployed due to officer safety requirements, to minimise the risks faced by officers.
Diversion
Something done to distract the attention of the crowd from the main police tactic (e.g. noisy display of police vehicles with lights and horns sounding behind police lines) whilst units advance to perform a pincer movement.
Feint
A mock assault, again to distract attention from the main police tactic.
Officers carrying short shields in a running line formation can effect arrests if required.
There are many methods of employing this tactic, one example is shown below where two officers responsible for making an arrest are protected by officers carrying shields.
Considerations
The characteristics of individual shields for each of the roles are detailed as follows:
| Containment
| Dispersal
| Arrest
|
Long Shields
| Best suited to this role, provides a sturdy and effective protective screen.
| Dependent on the type of formation in which deployed, has a limited dispersal role.
| Most unlikely, unless the crowd are trapped by the tactical manoeuvres of a number of units.
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Intermediate Shields
| Depending on the shape of the shield there is a limited containment role. However, it is unlikely that it is supportable for any length of time.
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Permits relatively good freedom of movement and provides good flexibility, although the weight of the shield is an important consideration when trying to achieve speed.
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Possible with this shield, but the weight and size will limit this option.
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Short Shields | Has no tactical use for containment.
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Provides excellent fluidity and speed of movement.
| Allows arrests to be made.
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