Putting global nuclear war aside, naval power is a crucial element of modern expeditionary warfare - the contemporary USN exists primarily so that the US can wage war anywhere in the world. It's more than just a nice boost to capability.
Syria is Russia's first such expedition since the fall of the Soviet Union, and it highlights a lack of capability - the state of their carrier, dropping dumb bombs from aircraft, getting shot down etcetera. I think you can extrapolate those problems and more across the entire Russian military. What we're seeing in motion is the functioning bit.
So yes they could still blow up the planet, but their ability to wage conventional war looks more than a bit shonky, for now at least.
The Russian navy is ..by far..the lowest man on the totem pole when it comes to the allocation of military resources . And it often shows . Until recently ...and its allies being attacked...the Russians placed a very low priority on that type of force projection . Their priority has been repelling an invader . It'd be very foolish to
extrapolate a wider scenario regarding the overall state of the Russian military by looking at the long neglected , ugly step child . Even at that though the Russian surface fleet is adequately equipped with the means to defend itself . Attacking it conventionally would take some doing . And entail serious losses .
And it's ability to attack targets in Syria from a major distance away ..the Caspian Sea..came as a real surprise to western military planners .
It also helps too that they a ) actually have an aircraft carrier ,unreliable as it is, and
b ) don't have to ask France for permission to borrow it
And even that one gets towed around by a tug from time to time .
The Russian aircraft that was shot down was ambushed without warning in a sneak attack by a country they weren't even at war with , from whom they didn't anticipate any armed hostility from . That could happen to anyone's airforce . Very speedily the means and will to prevent it happening again were put in place . And it didn't happen again while the rate of bombing missions skyrocketed as a result, not diminished .
They may be using dumb bombs but their ..very..cheap and effective Glonass guidance system means they're quite effective for the job in hand . While they're not as accurate as the super duper , million dollar US weapons they still do a very reasonable job for a mere fraction of the cost . Particularly considering the targets they're deployed against . The Russians possess the western equivalent , super duper fancy kit too but they're not going to waste it on beardies in flip flops and toyota pick ups . That would only be used against a first world opponent .
And their air defences are formidable , probably the best in the world . They realised long ago they didn't have the resources to compete with the western production level of top level aircraft so they put their resources into countering them with missiles instead . Taking on their ground forces means getting through that lot first . And that's no certainty by any means .
The Russian military has been seriously upgraded in recent years . Even stuff like ritual bullying and the like has been stamped out . They're very well supplied and catered for. It's not a conventional superpower by any means but it's a very formidable opponent by any stretch of the imagination . They'll not be invading Chipping Sodbury any time soon but that's not their purpose to begin with .