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Anarchists and Lifestylism revisited…

Top Dog

Well-Known Member
... bit of a rant here folks ... :p

Sometimes I cringe at the deep rooted conservatism and downright reactionary nature of some anarchists in their responses to, lets call them broadly, ‘alternative ways of living’. You get this often in the kneejerk and blanket labelling of various other people’s activity as ‘hippy’ or (the real bogey man) ‘middle class’. Uttering these terrible terms has the immediate effect of closing down the debate – the lines are drawn, the prejudices cast.

Now there assuredly will be activities that are just daft, irrelevant or have no connection whatsoever to anyone else around them – and no desire to connect them. But often the dismissal of some events is amplified at such a volume to be completely out of proportion that which is being criticised. What’s more, it's often a dismissal that doesn’t even bother with any scrutiny of the content itself. All that is required is to take a look at the state of the people on the event to decide whether to give it their political 'thumbs up' or 'thumbs down'.

Does it need to be said that this is a very sorry state of affairs? By all means let’s criticise an activity if there are political problems associated with it, but those criticisms need to be explained for what they are, and what it is that makes them that way.

Perhaps it’s because the activity does not fit some pre-conceived notion of what it is that working class people do. It may not be activity related to ‘work’ for instance, and so the logic goes, it cannot be anything other than alien to working class activity. Further still, the people involved in the activity may not even look like working class people :eek: , what they do (or don’t do) for a living might not be ‘working class’, what they wear, what they’re supposed to think might all be judged incorrect (read: middle class). In short, they don’t possess all the sociological attributes required by the anarchist, to judge whether it’s an activity worth participating in. While I find these preconceptions in themselves, insulting and patronising; more importantly they are completely wide of the mark in many respects. Both in their overall approach and in their dismissal of the idea that the object of a future revolutionary working class will be to abolish itself – and by extension to abolish its bourgeois identity, culture etc.

Lets take for instance, the whole critique of ‘lifestylism’. This debate re-emerges every so often (as it has on u75 recently) and essentially argues against those that believe they can opt out of capitalist society simply by their activism or self-ghettoisation – ie. they imagine it’s somehow revolutionary to live in some kind of utopian idyll, meanwhile wars, famine, state repressions and the daily class struggle rages around them. It’s the ‘I’m alright Jack’ mentality and it sucks.

So let’s be very clear on this because it’s important: it is not anti-capitalist simply to live on the margins of society and try to ignore capital’s existence. Something more than that is required.

The problem here is that the stick is then bent far too far in the other direction. And so the panacea to hippy ‘lifestylism’ is often to adopt a kind of working class ‘lifestylism’ in the expectation that proles will better identify with you and your politics, if you look like them, talk like them, target your propaganda in the same way the tabloids might, for example.

I’ve said it many times before, but its a little funny to me how many of the most vehemently anti-hippy types ive met, the ones that are charmed by a certain kind of urban prole (or lifestyle) actually come from backgrounds about as far removed from those social subjects that they fetishise. I don’t think that’s a great surprise to many, but it is important to acknowledge it, if it means a muddle-headed approach to understanding what revolutionary politics are about. Is it because they imagine it’s the sociological attributes that are the essence of what it means to be working class?

Isn’t there on the other hand, something to be said for the idea of creating and, if possible living, alternative realities in the here and the now?

The difference of emphasis on this question between the trots and the libertarians at last year’s European Social Forum was unambiguous and vast…

The trot’s showcased one of their events as ‘life after capitalism’ while the libertarians presented the alternative event as ‘life despite capitalism’. The difference between these two conceptions is crucial. Trots will always argue that the future society is constructed after the military dimension has reached its conclusion, after the transition from socialism to communism, and that essentially we must continue to reproduce capitalism in all our daily exchanges, in all our social relationships until that point is reached. Because to do otherwise is idealistic or not based in the day to day material reality.

This is a bullshit argument and for the anarchist or communist, one that is counter-revolutionary. Moving from one society to another requires the active participation of all involved in shaping their new world, hence the privileging of self-activity and direct action of the working class as the tools necessary to achieve our goal of a communist society. The means shape the ends.

So my question is this: what is it that is so bad about attempting to create the future within the present?
 
Top Dog said:
So my question is this: what is it that is so bad about attempting to create the future within the present?

nothing at all, trying to create workers or housing coops, or running genuinely accessable social/community centres either squatted or not - can be a good way of reducing the amount of stress and worry in your own life while experimenting with alternatives, if they are done right

the problems emerge if the way of living becomes the sole/main focus of your political activity and if it leads to isolation (either intentional/unintentional) from wider society/community
 
rednblack said:
nothing at all, trying to create workers or housing coops, or running genuinely accessable social/community centres either squatted or not - can be a good way of reducing the amount of stress and worry in your own life while experimenting with alternatives, if they are done right

the problems emerge if the way of living becomes the sole/main focus of your political activity and if it leads to isolation (either intentional/unintentional) from wider society/community
yep id agree with all of that
 
rednblack said:
nothing at all, trying to create workers or housing coops, or running genuinely accessable social/community centres either squatted or not - can be a good way of reducing the amount of stress and worry in your own life while experimenting with alternatives, if they are done right

the problems emerge if the way of living becomes the sole/main focus of your political activity and if it leads to isolation (either intentional/unintentional) from wider society/community


it's always been my impression that anarchists - or at least those who actually engage - are much less isolated from wider society/the community than almost all other leftist groups. perhaps due to a less dogmatic, theory-bound approach, anarchists are more willing/able to get stuck in (aforementioned community centres, exchange schemes, film groups, parties, drop in centres etc etc etc) than most of the rest of the left which seems to devote most of its time to infighting and bickering about what exactly was said at that meeting in 1921.
 
Dubversion said:
...than most of the rest of the left which seems to devote most of its time to infighting and bickering about what exactly was said at that meeting in 1921.
Don't bring up the 1921 meeting!
 
Dubversion said:
it's always been my impression that anarchists - or at least those who actually engage - are much less isolated from wider society/the community etc etc.

yes you're right...(on the whole)
 
editor said:
Don't bring up the 1921 meeting!



Bah! If it hadn't been for that meeting the working class would have been in power for the past fifty years. Possibly longer.

We might not even need the Workers' Defence Squads, let alone the Fifth International, had it not been for that 1921 meeting.
 
Alternative realities are fine as long as they are a means of exploration of possibilities and not an end to possibilities. I dislike the idea of green, organic, cooperative living in the present becoming a mode of operating at exclusion of all others.
I my self buy into certain aspwects to appease my conscience, ecover, go veggie, recycling, public transport etc.

I think that many people do live alternative life styles and do engage politically.
I am anti hippy and anti 'wacky' anarchist. I recognise that people express them selves in different forms. But..........
It does not help me at work when im trying to explain self management within union meetings or to work mates. They laugh and point out 'the clowns on the telly at scotland. :( '
not good if you are trying to build anarchist work based activity. You just get laughed at. Same with veganism, co-op living etc. Explaining about diversity is unity does not wash with the average working punter.

Building an alternative way of life can also build you barriers to engaging and is substituting for grass roots political activity.

Plus as anarchists we dont have a blue print for the future society, to think we can create it now is unwise and foolish. Alternative living is fine as long as people understand it is escaping from a harsh and unsettling reality and continue to engage with wider activity, not just against symbols but building a network or resistance to the mundane and harsh forms of everyday life. ;)
 
Herbert Read said:
Alternative realities are fine as long as they are a means of exploration of possibilities and not an end to possibilities. I dislike the idea of green, organic, cooperative living in the present becoming a mode of operating at exclusion of all others.
I my self buy into certain aspwects to appease my conscience, ecover, go veggie, recycling, public transport etc.

I think that many people do live alternative life styles and do engage politically.
I am anti hippy and anti 'wacky' anarchist. I recognise that people express them selves in different forms. But..........
It does not help me at work when im trying to explain self management within union meetings or to work mates. They laugh and point out 'the clowns on the telly at scotland. :( '
not good if you are trying to build anarchist work based activity. You just get laughed at. Same with veganism, co-op living etc. Explaining about diversity is unity does not wash with the average working punter.

Building an alternative way of life can also build you barriers to engaging and is substituting for grass roots political activity.

Plus as anarchists we dont have a blue print for the future society, to think we can create it now is unwise and foolish. Alternative living is fine as long as people understand it is escaping from a harsh and unsettling reality and continue to engage with wider activity, not just against symbols but building a network or resistance to the mundane and harsh forms of everyday life. ;)

people are more likely to accept things if they do not have to participate, therefore alternative reality holidays might be the solution. people learn most when they're having fun. :)
 
Herbert Read said:
Alternative realities are fine as long as they are a means of exploration of possibilities and not an end to possibilities. I dislike the idea of green, organic, cooperative living in the present becoming a mode of operating at exclusion of all others.
I my self buy into certain aspwects to appease my conscience, ecover, go veggie, recycling, public transport etc.

I think that many people do live alternative life styles and do engage politically.
I am anti hippy and anti 'wacky' anarchist. I recognise that people express them selves in different forms. But..........
It does not help me at work when im trying to explain self management within union meetings or to work mates. They laugh and point out 'the clowns on the telly at scotland. :( '
not good if you are trying to build anarchist work based activity. You just get laughed at. Same with veganism, co-op living etc. Explaining about diversity is unity does not wash with the average working punter.

Building an alternative way of life can also build you barriers to engaging and is substituting for grass roots political activity.

Plus as anarchists we dont have a blue print for the future society, to think we can create it now is unwise and foolish. Alternative living is fine as long as people understand it is escaping from a harsh and unsettling reality and continue to engage with wider activity, not just against symbols but building a network or resistance to the mundane and harsh forms of everyday life. ;)
some fair points Herbert, but two questions:

1) leaving aside the 'clowns', more generally, how far would you seek to appease any workmates/union members who may hold some fairly conservative views? do you always stand with them or do you argue against them on certain points of principle - knowing that in doing so it sets you apart (possibily marginalising you) from the others

2) its true there is no blueprint for the future, but why should that stop us trying to transform parts of our own lives - for ourselves - as working class subjects? Isnt postponing the idea til some point in the future really a leftist response, that throws up the alienated response that we dont count because we are politico's and not 'authentic' (untainted) members of the w/c? Or put another way, if you saw a working class council estate start to self organise with no apparent intervention from the left, you would applaud it wouldnt you? so why would some @'s then go on to suggest that organising our own lives differently is something entirely different, something more akin to hippydom than self activity?
 
Because it was an example working class self-activity/organisation, not an example of the lifestyle choice of an individual? (Not addressed to me, I know, but it does seem like you answered your own question).

Rephrased for clarity. Didn't mean to suggest it was the whole working class, so I swapped my clauses round.
 
knopf said:
Because it was an example of the self-activity/organisation of the working class, not an example of the lifestyle choice of an individual? (Not addressed to me, I know, but it does seem like you answered your own question).
what the WHOLE of the working class? No, the example given was of a very small section within it. But working class militants feature as a very small sector within it as well dont they? <yes, i said very small before anyone else jumps in ;) >
 
Top Dog said:
some fair points Herbert, but two questions:

1) leaving aside the 'clowns', more generally, how far would you seek to appease any workmates/union members who may hold some fairly conservative views? do you always stand with them or do you argue against them on certain points of principle - knowing that in doing so it sets you apart (possibily marginalising you) from the others

2) its true there is no blueprint for the future, but why should that stop us trying to transform parts of our own lives - for ourselves - as working class subjects? Isnt postponing the idea til some point in the future really a leftist response, that throws up the alienated response that we dont count because we are politico's and not 'authentic' (untainted) members of the w/c? Or put another way, if you saw a working class council estate start to self organise with no apparent intervention from the left, you would applaud it wouldnt you? so why would some @'s then go on to suggest that organising our own lives differently is something entirely different, something more akin to hippydom than self activity?

1) Some of my views are more traditional/conservative than what would be accepted by the 'radical' minority. This comes from my experience of life, immigrant community life and growing up on an estate. I do challange my self and my work mates but on the issue of clowns, tree houses, juggling etc i am definitely with my work mates!
If you do want a socia reviolution and the sum total of my life and experiences tells me it will be a stuggle and involve destruction and death and upheaval. Alternative lifestyles can assist this but they can also act as a cocoon to reality. My anarchism is rooted im my community and workplace as well as interpersonal relationships. Its not a life style choice but a 'way of life' and organisation for me. I dont argue at people education comes through experience not lecture.

2) Im not postponing my life till after the revolution, im just not buying into alternative lifestyle. It makes me sick that you can be critiqued in the movement or scene (frankly whatever you want to call it) for not been 'radical enough'. If you are easily turned off it can seem exclusive and alien.

Any way good points TD

:)
 
Good post TD.

Risking the accusation of determinism I'd suggest that social and economic changes are being played out within domestic anarchism. The decline of traditional forms of manual work; reductions in union membership - and with it a specific form of class conscousness (tied to the workplace) - is bound to be part of this. I'm certainly not arguing 'were all middle class now' - but do think that the links between occupation, identity and politcs have got more complex. and when you add in increases in the number of working class graduates feeling adrift from their original life +rise of environmentalism, your'e almost certain to have a situation where libertarians seek to explore new ways of living that only indirectly linked to class politics. the question then of how anarchist activism links to working class communities is a crucial but complex one.

Guess theres also some real different views as to what the future should be like - should it be predominantly urban, industrial and high tech - or greener, decentralised and ecological. Whichever way you go on this innevitably has an impact on what kind of struggle you engage in now.

although this debate has recently flared up over the g8, thats actually a bad example. almost by definition, summit actions are bound to be abstracted out of day to day lives. The real debate about whats going on should focus on the other 51 weeks of the year. And in some ways, the problem is not dissent, green activism etc. its the relative weakness of social anarchism at the moment. If we really had strong community campaigns and high levels of activism within the workplace, I don't think too many people would be concerned about the clowns. Community/industrial based stuff is good - but sadly there just ain't enough of it at the moment. In fact some of the interesting things that have taken place recently have been pretty much outside of @ism - the IWCA for example.
 
Top Dog said:
While I find these preconceptions in themselves, insulting and patronising; more importantly they are completely wide of the mark in many respects. Both in their overall approach and in their dismissal of the idea that the object of a future revolutionary working class will be to abolish itself – and by extension to abolish its bourgeois identity, culture etc.

My main problem with 'lifestylism', is that personal lifestyle choices do not have the potential to cause social change, but are often put forward as being essential to it - you've made that point yourself.

By personal lifestyle choice, what we're really talking about is consumption, or consumerism. Emphasising the consumption of one commodity which is assumed to be politically (but more rightly culturally) superior over another - because it's vegan/organic/fair trade/'radical'/alternative is in essence to reinforce the idea that the market allows individuals to affect society through their buying choices. I think the 'middle class' terminology (which I refuse to use), comes from the idea that these lifestyle choices are in reality only available to people with a certain amount of disposable income, or time. Stuff like 'not shopping at supermarkets' or dietary choice etc. It's also associated with a certain kind of liberal moralism, that if you don't make these consumer choices then you're on the wrong side. In other words, I and anyone else I know who criticises lifestylism aren't criticising the activity itself - I buy some organic/fair trade stuff, and my taste in music/art is definitely in the radical camp - it's the attempt to put forward consumerist behaviour as revolutionary or political activity that's the problem.

I handed a vegan, fairly AR-activist friend of mine a copy of Resistance a few months ago, and he said "But you're not even vegan!" - it's that kind of essentialism that I respond to mainly.

Whatever commodities I buy, however ethical they are in terms of environmental impact, or however much they represent oppositional/alternative cultures to some extent, their status as commodities made by wage labour remains, and ethical or 'radical' marketing often serves to mask the fundamental exploitation that occurs in their production. The fact that the same companies make them and sell them in the same shops is often ignored. The best/worst example of this is adbusters' no-logo-anti-corporate-stock-market-floated sneaker company.

Where people set up food co-ops, or co-operative gardens, or stuff like freecycle, or the kind of self-managed music/arts activity that I'm involved in myself, then it's still part of an 'alternative' milieu, but it's one that engages more directly with the productive process - it takes over at least elements of production and distribution on a self-organised basis, and can directly affect the material circumstances of the people involved positively. If those things (like housing co-ops for a pretty obvious example) become closed shops which only benefit small cliques of people, aren't viable for wide-scale involvement, and don't engage with society in general, then we go back to the 'lifestylist' critique again. There are also limits to initiatives like this within capitalism, so for them to be effective, they need to be engaging with/against the system, not fostering illusions that they're autonomous from/outside it. Also, the interactions between co-ops etc. with the rest of the market are no different to any other company - they're still selling commodities on the market, and simply listening to experimental music or choosing to buy workers' co-op bicycles and calling it political goes back to consumerism again. It can encourage and make a virtue of atomised passivity rather than collective action.

I don’t think that’s a great surprise to many, but it is important to acknowledge it, if it means a muddle-headed approach to understanding what revolutionary politics are about. Is it because they imagine it’s the sociological attributes that are the essence of what it means to be working class?

Certainly there are elements of this in the anarchist movement, the most obvious examples being Openly Classist and Class War. An article by the IWCA that I saw recently (something like "middle-class parents forcing babies to learn Japanese in inner-london nurseries shock!"), also went down the same road. I don't think most people on here follow that line, or if they do sometimes it's tongue in cheek. Overall, it's the 'radical' attitude that any kind of traditional or popular taste is antithetical to a radical or revolutionary tradition, and that the prerequisite to social change is a change in taste/culture within the current economic system, rather than activity which challenges the economic system that makes a fetish of "working class culture" as something to be abhorred.

When you combine more than one lifestyle choice in terms of food/music/clothing etc. you end up with a subculture, and it's well documented that just about any subculture is an easy target for niche marketing and tends to reinforce superficial divisions between groups of people. Political groups can often become subcultural (and this goes in the hippy/crimethinc direction as well as the Ben Sherman/meat packing factory direction), and a lot of political activity that's criticised on here does fall into a subcultural category, and is defended as such to an extent.

I have no time for most pop music, most TV programs, most new films, and most fast food, but I think any change in the content of those things has, in the main, got to come from the conditions under which they're produced, not consumer demand - and the majority of lifestylist politics boils down to that.

Note the absence of clowns from this post. Oh shit.
 
If those things (like housing co-ops for a pretty obvious example) become closed shops which only benefit small cliques of people, aren't viable for wide-scale involvement, and don't engage with society in general, then we go back to the 'lifestylist' critique again.

Just so it isn't just as if we're attacking "AR scum" etc

In many ways established trade unions can be like this.
They are clique-y and if you try and question the nature of the clique and how it's operated ("because it's been that way since year X when I started here and I'm a rep"). The people that benefit most from them are the skilled nurses on higher grades etc etc. And they increasingly do a lot of middle-class tokenism witness major unions involvement with Make Poverty History.
 
sihhi said:
Just so it isn't just as if we're attacking "AR scum" etc

In many ways established trade unions can be like this.
They are clique-y and if you try and question the nature of the clique and how it's operated ("because it's been that way since year X when I started here and I'm a rep"). The people that benefit most from them are the skilled nurses on higher grades etc etc. And they increasingly do a lot of middle-class tokenism witness major unions involvement with Make Poverty History.

Very good post from Catch.

Sihhi's complaints about Trade Unionism are nothing new, since the very nature of Trade Union struggle is for the most part on a reformist basis with Trade Union structurally tending to look for accomodation with capital rather than a role reversal. I would say that the MPH is less to do with Middle Class tokenism and more to do with a traditional reformist political strategy.

I am not sure about the comment that the people who benefit from them most are the skilled nurses on higher grades. I think the benefits of Trade UNionism are real and tangible for many workers in many areas. The reality is that some sections of the workforce are able (through a skills advantage or more importantly a skills shortage in the labour force) lever out of the employer more than others. An important element for socialist/anarchist struggle within Trade Unions is to attempt to break down the sectional interests of different groups of workers so that trade union struggle becomes less clique-y.
 
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